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(Uprooting Software Defects at the Source --- ACM)  A May 2002 report prepared for the National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST)1 estimates the annual cost of software defects in the United States as $59.5 billion. Each defect that goes undetected until after a product has shipped can cost software producers many tens of thousands of dollars to address and patch. The cost suffered by the users of that product is often orders of magnitude higher. The 2002 NIST report4 estimates that “feasible” improvements to testing infrastructures could reduce the annual cost of software defects in the United States by $22.2 billion.