tDCS has also been implicated as a potential treatment for several other neuropsychiatric disorders. Early studies suggest efficacy of tDCS as an adjunct in stroke rehabilitation \cite{25460496} and fibromyalgia \cite{17133529,22631436}, while more recent studies have suggested possible uses in Alzheimer’s dementia \cite{Hsu_2015}.
The most prominent evidence in stroke rehabilitation has been found in post-stroke aphasia; anodal excitation of the damaged Broca’s area and cathodal inhibition of the contralesional area led to faster overall recovery and improved speech fluency. Furthermore, excitation of the contralesional area may accelerate cortical relocation to the nondominant hemisphere in patients with large lesions \cite{25460496}. While a recent Cochrane review found that changes in post-stroke aphasia did not reach statistical significance, its sample size was limited by the fact that it only included studies that reported picture naming as an outcome measure rather than speech fluency and recovery speed \cite{25929694}.
Motor cortex stimulation has also been used for fibromyalgia. Fregni et al demonstrated at least 21 days of improvement in pain scores for fibromyalgia patients with five days of anodal excitation over the primary motor cortex when compared to left DLPFC and sham stimulation \cite{17133529}. Several other studies have replicated this phenomenon \cite{22631436}. A recent Cochrane review did not find a significant effect for chronic pain syndromes overall, but this review did not make a distinction between fibromyalgia and other causes of chronic pain in its pooled analysis \cite{24729198}.
Promising findings for improving attention, memory, and executive function have led to recent research aimed at evaluating DLPFC stimulation for alleviation of cognitive deficits seen in Alzheimer’s dementia. A recent randomized controlled double-blind trial in patients taking memantine found that a series of 10 daily sessions led to statistically significant improvements in mini-mental status examination score, digit span, and performance IQ; these effects were noted immediately and sustained for at least two months after treatment \cite{25346688}. While this study was limited by small sample size, a subsequent meta-analysis found that tDCS-induced cognitive gains in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia were significantly better than in age-matched healthy controls \cite{Hsu_2015}.