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\section{Abstract}  \textbf{OBJECTIVE:} We investigated the utility of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in predicting antidepressant response to rTMS.   \textbf{BACKGROUND:} Although rTMS of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is an established antidepressant treatment, little is known about predictors of response. The TCI measures multiple personality dimensions (harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward dependence, persistence, self-directedness, self-transcendence, and cooperativeness), some of which have predicted response to antidepressants and cognitive-behavioral therapy. A previous study suggested a possible association between higher self-directedness and rTMS response specifically in melancholic depression, although this was limited by the fact that melancholic depression is associated with a limited range of TCI profiles. \textbf{METHODS:} Sixteen patients in a major depressive episode completed a TCI prior to a clinical course of rTMS over the DLPFC. Treatment response was defined as ≥50\% decrease in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Baseline scores on each TCI dimension were compared between responders and non-responders via paired t-test with Bonferroni correction. Temperament/character scores were also subjected to regression analysis against percentage improvement in HDRS.  \textbf{RESULTS:} Ten of the sixteen patients responded to rTMS. T-scores for Persistence were significantly higher in responders (48.3, 95\% CI 40.9-55.7) than in non-responders (35.3, 95\% CI 29.2-39.9) (p=0.006). Linear regression revealed a correlation between persistence score and percentage improvement in HRDS (R=0.65±0.29).   \textbf{CONCLUSIONS:} Higher persistence predicted antidepressant response to rTMS. This may be explained by rTMS-induced enhancement of cortical excitability, which has been found to be decreased in patients with high persistence. Personality assessment that includes measurement of TCI persistence may be a useful component of precision medicine initiatives in rTMS for depression.