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% $Id: orphans.tex,v 1.26 1994/12/15 16:59:54 robertm Exp $
%\input{stuff}
%\makeindex
%\begin{document}
\section{Orphans}
\label{list:orph}
This section includes miscellaneous constructions \index{miscellaneous
constructions} that have not found a home under other headings, and other
oddities.
\index{orphans}
\subsection{List of miscellaneous phrases}
{\it all about}\/: \index{all about@{\it all about}}
\begin{verbatim}
(S (PP-TMP from
(NP childhood))
(NP-SBJ he)
(VP had
(VP known
(PP-CLR all about
(NP knives)))))
\end{verbatim}
{\it as of}\/: \index{as of@{\it as of}}
\begin{verbatim}
(PP-TMP as
(PP of
(NP the first)))
\end{verbatim}
{\it come} (as in {\it ``come spring cleaning...''}\/): PP
\index{come...@{\it come...}}
\begin{verbatim}
(S (NP-SBJ You)
(VP can
(VP hope
(PP against
(NP hope))
(SBAR that
(S (PP-TMP come
(NP spring cleaning))
,
(NP-SBJ your fair-weather friends)
(VP will))))))
\end{verbatim}
{\it effective}\/: \index{effective@{\it effective}}
The word {\it effective}\/ occasionally introduces an adverbial with a time
complement, as in {\it ``The chairman is resigning effective Monday.''}\/
These are fairly rare, so no uniform treatment exists.
Some are analyzed as ``floating participials'':
\begin{verbatim}
(S (NP-SBJ-2 he)
(VP is
(VP quitting
(S-ADV (NP-SBJ *)
(ADJP-PRD effective
(NP-TMP Dec. 31))))))
\end{verbatim}
while others are simply ADJP, often with a -ADV or -TMP tag:
\begin{verbatim}
(S (NP-SBJ-34 Columbia Pictures Entertainment Inc.)
(VP was
(VP dropped
(NP *-34)
,
(ADJP-ADV effective
(NP-TMP today))
,
(PP-DIR from
(NP the recreational products group)))))
\end{verbatim}
{\it half}\/ (see also the section on ``Multipliers'' in \RefNPmod):
\index{half@{\it half}}
{\it ``...using half whole wheat and half white flour''}
\begin{verbatim}
(S (NP-SBJ *)
(VP using
(NP (NP half whole wheat
(NX *RNR*-1))
and
(NP half white
(NX *RNR*-1))
(NX-1 flour))))
\end{verbatim}
{\it no doubt}\/: \index{no doubt@{\it no doubt}}
\begin{enumerate}
\item as adverb
\begin{verbatim}
(S (NP-SBJ He)
(NP-ADV no doubt)
(VP will
(VP go)))
\end{verbatim}
\begin{verbatim}
(S (NP-SBJ He)
(VP 'll
(NP-ADV no doubt)
(VP go)))
\end{verbatim}
\item as noun
\begin{verbatim}
(S (NP-SBJ There)
(VP 's
(NP-PRD no doubt
(SBAR that
(S (NP-SBJ he)
(VP 'll
(VP go)))))))
\end{verbatim}
\end{enumerate}
{\it no matter}\/: \index{no matter@{\it no matter}}
\begin{verbatim}
(S (PP-LOC In
(NP the stands))
(NP-SBJ he)
(VP is
(ADJP-PRD lonely and lost)
,
(ADVP no matter
(SBAR (WHNP-1 how many)
(S (NP *T*-1)
(VP are
(PP-LOC-PRD about
(NP him))))))))
\end{verbatim}
%for a rather extensive discussion of ``no matter'' and ``no doubt'' see
%the minutes from 5-5-93.
%but for the manual we send out the above will stand. -mArK.
{\it percent}\/: \index{percent@{\it percent}}
{\it Percent}\/ is simply a flat NP, whether or not it is written with a
space:
\begin{verbatim}
(NP 15 percent)
\end{verbatim}
\begin{verbatim}
(NP 15 per cent)
\end{verbatim}
{\it regardless of}\/: \index{regardless of@{\it regardless of}}
\begin{verbatim}
(ADVP regardless
(PP of ...))
\end{verbatim}
{\it though}\/: \index{though@{\it though}}
\begin{enumerate}
\item clefted: see \RefThough\ and \RefNulls\ for more on {\it
though}\/-clefts.
\item fronted: SBAR-ADV
\begin{verbatim}
(SBAR-ADV Though (FRAG (ADJP limited)))
\end{verbatim}
\item not fronted: conjunction
\begin{verbatim}
(NP (NP the
(ADJP well-defined
though
limited)
range)
(PP of
(NP motifs)))
\end{verbatim}
\end{enumerate}
{\it using}\/: \index{using@{\it using}}
\begin{verbatim}
(VP estimated
(S-MNR (NP *)
(VP using)))
\end{verbatim}
{\it worth}\/: \index{worth@{\it worth}}
\begin{enumerate}
\item with complement: ADJP
Note that some instances of this use of {\it worth}\/ are labeled PP-PRD, as
in (b); however the use of ADJP-PRD, as in (a), predominates.
\begin{verbatim}
(a) (S (PP With
(NP (NP respect)
(PP to
(NP this view))))
,
(NP-SBJ two points)
(VP are
(ADJP-PRD worth
(S (NP-SBJ *)
(VP making)))))
\end{verbatim}
\begin{verbatim}
(S (NP-SBJ (NP the results)
,
(ADJP however general)
,)
(VP are
(ADJP-PRD worth
(NP the search))))
\end{verbatim}
\begin{verbatim}
(b) (S (PP With
(NP (NP respect)
(PP to
(NP this view))))
,
(NP-SBJ two points)
(VP are
(PP-PRD worth
(S-NOM (NP-SBJ *)
(VP making)))))
\end{verbatim}
\begin{verbatim}
(S (NP-SBJ (NP the results)
,
(ADJP however general)
,)
(VP are
(PP-PRD worth
(NP the search))))
\end{verbatim}
\item {\it dollars worth}\/: NP
There is considerable variation, but here is a common way of analyzing
expressions like {\it five dollars worth}\/:
\begin{verbatim}
(VP issue
(NP (NP (ADJP (QP some $ 3 million to $ 4 million) *U*)
worth)
(PP of
(NP Rural Roads Authority bonds))))
\end{verbatim}
% Sorry, there ain't no ``right'' way for these. -R.
\end{enumerate}
\subsection{Flat multi-word ADVPs and PPs} \index{flat ADVPs}
\index{multi-word ADVPs}
\begin{enumerate}
\item The following are annotated as flat ADVPs:
{\it all but} \index{all but@{\it all but}}
{\it at all} \index{at all@{\it at all}}
{\it at best} \index{at best@{\it at best}}
{\it at least} \index{at least@{\it at least}}
{\it at most} \index{at most@{\it at most}}
{\it more than (...doubled)} \index{more than@{\it more than}}
Unfortunately, the POS tagging for these is more often (though not always)
compositional: {\it at/IN all/DT}\/. See \posmanual\ for more information.
\item The following are annotated as flat PPs: \index{flat PPs}
\index{multi-word PPs}
{\it because of} \index{because of@{\it because of}}
{\it instead of}\/ (may also be CONJP) \index{instead of@{\it instead of}}
{\it rather than}\/ (may also be CONJP) \index{rather than@{\it rather than}}
{\it such as} \index{such as@{\it such as}}
\begin{verbatim}
(NP (NP desserts)
(PP such as
(NP (NP ice cream)
and
(NP brownies))))
\end{verbatim}
\end{enumerate}
\subsection{Foreign words} \index{foreign words}
There is no special bracket tag for foreign words. They are simply
bracketed according to the annotator's interpretation of their syntactic
function. If the annotator is unable to determine its syntactic function,
the phrase is labeled X. The internal structure of foreign phrases is not
annotated. \index{X}
\begin{verbatim}
( (S (NP-SBJ My favorite)
(VP is
(NP-PRD (NP pie)
(PP a la mode)))
.))
\end{verbatim}
\begin{verbatim}
( (S (NP-SBJ The new movie)
(VP is
(NP-PRD a tour de force))
.))
\end{verbatim}
\begin{verbatim}
(NP (NP ballooning)
(PP-TMP at
(NP (NP the (ADJP de rigueur) hour)
(PP of
(NP 6 a.m.)))))
\end{verbatim}
\subsection{Negation}
The negative element {\it not} is always left unlabeled and is attached in
accordance with the policy governing the attachment of all adverbials.
See reduced relatives sections in \RefGP\ and in \RefShared\ for more
information about negation in those cases.
\begin{itemize}
\begin{verbatim}
( (S (NP-SBJ I)
(VP do
not
(VP understand))
.))
\end{verbatim}
\begin{verbatim}
( (S (NP-SBJ She)
(VP is
not
(NP-PRD a certified teacher))
.))
\end{verbatim}
\begin{verbatim}
( (S (NP-SBJ She)
(VP is
not
(VP listening))
.))
\end{verbatim}
\begin{verbatim}
( (S (NP-SBJ I)
(VP am
(VP (VP going
(PP-NOM to (NP that other restaurant)))
and
(VP not
eating
(NP overpriced , overcooked broccoli stalks)
(ADVP-TMP again))))
.))
\end{verbatim}
\begin{verbatim}
(S (NP-SBJ I)
(VP am
(VP (VP going (PP to (NP that other restaurant)))
(CONJP but not)
(VP ordering (NP their broccoli))))
.)
\end{verbatim}
\end{itemize}
%\printindex
%\end{document}
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Id_orphans_tex_v_1__.tex
