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Due to the nanoscale structure and large surface area of GaN nanowires, both singular nanowires as well as arrays have been utilized as various probes and sensors. For example, Weber’s team coated GaN nanowires with tungsten through atomic layer deposition and used them as probes for near-field scanning electron microscopy. When compared to a commercial platinum probe, the team discovered that the nanowire probe yielded increased topographical and microwave sensitivity. \cite{Weber_2014}  Biosensors have also been developed from GaN nanowires: originally based of silicon nanowires, GaN nanowires provide large surface areas and high electrical sensitivities for detecting biomolecules. Devices for detecting streptavidin in solution, lipids of the E Coli. membrane were developed which displayed differences in conductivities upon binding with the target molecules. In order to induce specificity in the nanowire sensors, it was important to functionalize them first; for example, streptavidin sensitivity required the addition of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and biotin. \cite{Williams_2014} In order to clear the sensor for repeated usage, they were simply washed with an aqueous detergent solution. [http://digilib.gmu.edu:8080/jspui/handle/1920/8940] \cite{Williams_2014}