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\section{Neurological Processes Related to Learning}  The way we learn new behaviors is heavily influenced by specific neurotransmitters, namely dopamine because it is known to reward specific behaviors by making us feel good. \cite{25541114} \cite{Juan_2014}  It is interesting to note the brain?s natural reward system affecting behavior and, more specifically learning. Through psychology and neuroscience, we know there are various forms of learning such as classical conditioning from Pavlov?s dog experiment and instrumental conditioning from the Skinner Box that showed the effects of reinforcement and punishment on behaviors. We now know that our brains must detect, decode, and respond to a change through various perceptual functions. For instance, visual stimuli trigger responses which form a magnitude of synapses in our brains. Our eyes are an example of a perceptual apparatus that takes in light in various forms of frequencies and amplitudes, which are then converted into electrical currents and travelled to the brain via the optic nerve through a large number of action potentials. The brain interprets these signals and responds to this perception of vision. Learning and memorization is the result of fostering neural efficiency through the creation of new synaptic connections or reinforcing the strength of existing ones. [2] When neurons fire together they are essentially wiring together, which is referred to in neuroscience as synaptic plasticity. A vast amount of brain research has been conducted over the last ten years to unravel the underpinnings of learning and memorization. Now, it is understood that learning is formed by changes in synaptic connections. Learning is affected most when postsynaptic neurons are affected by anatomical and biochemical alterations administered on axons.[3] Beginning studies on learning used electrical stimulation on the hippocampus. These studies revealed that the stimulation produced more long term potentiation. The findings of long term potentiation explained the process we use to remember in our brain.[4] Essentially, when a synapse continually activates when the postsynaptic neuron fires, changes will occur in the composition of the synapse which will strengthen it.[5] With advances in technology, researchers are now able to utilize functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans of the brain. FMRI is a method of mapping brain function by tracking the signals of hydrogen nuclei which results in imaged brain activity. The use of fMRI is instrumental in figuring out which areas of the brain are most active in various conditions. An example of this procedure is how researchers revealed that grey matter increases in volume as a result of learning.[6] Further, the process by which we create new neurons is called neurogenesis, which enables us to enhance our capacity to memorize and learn.[7] Researching the neural code in regards to learning is still relatively new, we do know that the formation of new neurons is mainly done in the hypothalamus, the area that deals with our long term memories. [8] Another mentionable neural process is the function of mirror neurons which help us learn action tasks. These mirror neurons help us visually compare an observed activity with a remembered action in our procedural memory. Mirror neurons were discovered in the monkey premotor cortex in the an early brain study. [9] They are called mirror neurons since they fire both when an individual performs an activity and when the individual observes that same activity being performed by another individual. In psychology, mirror neurons are sometimes referred to as empathy neurons because they also help us interpret the intentions of other people?s actions. A notable protein relating to memory is the CREB protein that allows for short-term memories to be converted into long-term memories with activation. [10] The molecular factors that cause the conversion of short-term to longterm memories are vital to understanding neurological learning. Inside the nuclei there are genes, which when activated, synthesize proteins that in turn strengthen synapses. The strength of signals, the frequency with which a synapse is used, and the passage of time allow this process to occur. Therefore, practice and repetition are major factors in whether a short-term memory becomes a long-term memory and, thus, learning.