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\section{Nootropics}  \paragraph{}  Nootropics can be defined as any kind of supplement or drug that improves cognition by altering your brain chemistry to improve memory, attention, or motivation. I will briefly review some nootropics and their state of research in aims to figure out their risk versus effectiveness. First, we have Meclofenoxate, which is an ester of dimethylethanolamine (DMAE) and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (pCPA) and in clinical trials has been shown to enhance cognition and quicken memory in older patients.\cite{MARCER_1977} Researchers found that the drug increased learning outcome in rats and concluded that the drug increases the phospholipids in the cellular membrane.\cite{Becker_1995} The same result occurred when they tested the rats with vinpocetine. Piracetam prevented the occurrence vinpocetine and piracetam, other types  of drugs, which act as nootropics that decrease  learning deficits in the rats regardless the administration schedule. More deficits. Like many nootropics, more  research would need needs  to be conducted for its effect on humans to make any conclusions on whether or not they should be used done in regards  to enhance cognition their time delay  and memory. Ephedrine effects on humans. Caffeine  is a sympathomimetic amine the most  commonly used as a stimulant, appetite suppressant, concentration aid, nootropic today  and decongestant. It is similar to caffeine and ginseng best understood  in the way some individuals report increased sense terms  of energy. Of the substances priorly listed, caffeine's its  effects on cognitive mental  and physical function, mood, processes including mood  and energy are best understood. alertness.\cite{2013}  It is clear obvious  that this drug nootropic  enhances these functions when administered given  in moderate doses. Ephedrine modest amounts with the massive number of people that consume caffeine daily for its beneficial effects for study and work. Next, ephedrine is commonly used as a stimulant and concentration aid and is similar to caffeine some people say the nootropic boosts their energy.\cite{1988} Ginseng is another nootropic that is claimed to act like caffeine. While ephedrine  may also enhance certain physical and mental increase specific neurological  functions of feelingawake and  alert,but  the evidence information  that ginseng has such equivalent  properties and effects  is weak shaky  at this time.\cite{Lieberman_2001} Theophylline is a bitter crystalline compound present found  in small quantities amounts  in leaves of  tea leaves, isomeric with theobromine. and is similar in effects to bromantane.  Bromantane is a stimulant, anxiolytic stimulant  and potent immunostimulant. The epigenetic a specific stimulant labeled an immunostimulant with  effects on tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression that  promote long-term improvements to concentration and the GABA-transminase inhibition promotes as well as  relaxation and long-term long term  memory consolidation. fortification.  Other than caffeine, the most popular cognitive stimulant to increase attention and productivity for learning has been other forms of stimulants such as the commercial drug named Adderall or other forms of stimulants such as Ritalin or Cylert. Ritalin.\cite{Lakhan_2012}  These medications can be addictive in adults or teenagers, but they have not been deliberately proven to be addictive in children with ADHD. Nine ADHD, and researchers say that 9  out of 10 children improve cognition and attention  on one of these stimulants, so if one does not work, the others are tried.\cite{Baehne_2009} With any of these medications, adjusting stimulants.\cite{Baehne_2009} Finding  the correct  dosage of each stimulant  for each child is vital for imperative in  treating the symptoms of ADHD. People who do ADHD symptoms, although these effects are  not have limited to people without  ADHD since there have been reports that they  may also respond to stimulants andmay  find that their attention and ability to level of  focus will improve. This reaction increase drastically. We must distinguish that people responding to the stimulants positively in terms of cognition  does not mean these responses indicate  that they have ADHD. It ADHD and  is not recommended for suggested that  people without a clear  diagnosis of ADHD to use these drugs. It is not known if stimulants have the long-term effects long term effects, or time delays,  and all drugs should be thoroughly tested for long term effects before allowing people to use obtain  them freely with prescriptions. over the counter or through pharmacies.