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\section{Neurological Structures Involved with Learning}  \paragraph{}  In order to understand the neurological aspects of learning, we must define some of the brain structures that relate to learning. The prefrontal cortex is the cerebral cortex which covers the front most part of the frontal lobe. The function of the brain's prefrontal cortex is a storage of short-term memory and is also the agent for the planning and control of behavior.\cite{DeYoung_2010} There is also a group of nuclei in the temporal lobe above the thalamus referred to as the basal ganglia, which is connected to the cerebral cortex. The basal ganglia includes the subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, the globus pallidus, the ventral striatum and the dorsal striatum, and consists of the putamen and the caudate nucleus.\cite{Roberts_1992} The basic functions of these nuclei deal with cognition, learning, and motor control and activities. The basal ganglia are also associated with learning, memory, and unconscious memory processes, such as motor skills and implicit memory.\cite{Mishkin_1987} Obtaining an understanding of the functions and effects of the basal ganglia is critical in our neurological analysis of learning. The amygdala is located above the hippocampus in the medial temporal lobe and helps control memory and emotional learning.\cite{Robbins_2008} memory.\cite{Robbins_2008}  The cerebellum is a small structurelocated  at the rear back  of the brain, near brain next to  the spinal cord. It looks like a scaled down version of cord and resembles  the cerebral cortex due to because of  its wavy surface. bumpy surface.\cite{Schmitt_2009}  The cerebellum plays a role in the learning of procedural memory, and motor learning, such as skills requiring co-ordination and fine motor control.\cite{Mishkin_1987} An example of a procedural memory skill would be driving a car or playing the guitar. The hippocampus is a structure in the brain that has been associated with various memory functions. It is part of the limbic system, and lies next to the medial temporal lobe. The hypothalamus is located below the thalamus, just above the brainstem. In humans, it is roughly the size of an average sized almond. The hypothalamus controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms.\cite{Fliers_2006} It seems to be beneficial to look at individuals that excel in learning and have mastered memory to find which brain functions are important in these functions. Gazzaniga conducted this research of memory experts and the results show that there are, but not limited to, six specific brain regions that are important in memory: the medial parietal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, right posterior hippocampus, right cingulate cortex, left fusiform cortex, and left posterior inferior frontal sulcus.\cite{Collins_2007} If one wants to obtain a strong understanding of learning processes, it is vital they know these brain locations as they are extremely important for the spatial memory and mental imagery functions associated with learning.