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\textit{Summary
or Abstract of the Paper}
Background and Hypothesis. -- The purpose of In this
presentation presentation, we argue why reputation important in international affairs and what can India do about ensuring that as a "soft power" in the world, she is
to describe also a
research process responsive and
initial results from a hypothesis generating study where responsible player to ensure the
authors have studied health of one-sixth of humanity. Since the
phenomenon second half of
reversal the 1990s, as Indian economy opened up, two significant changes occurred: a number of
healthy migrant effects for Indian
migrants in New Zealand. Healthy migrant effect refers entrepreneurs established "call centres" which served as back offices to the
phenomenon where migrants to developed world, and there was an associated increase in the migration of Indians from India abroad. Both these contributed towards establishment of India as a
new country are usually healthier than their age- "soft power", and
gender-matched native counterparts. While this is true for migrants India's economic development. In the call centres technologically articulate young Indians found job opportunities and came in contact with clients in the developed countries. This work involved working at night times, and interaction with people from
other a different culture. Second, just before 2000, the Y2K threat led the developed countries
(e.g., China, South East Asia) for migrants employ young programmer talent from
South Asia in general and India
and Indians migrated out of their home countries and found jobs in
particular, much higher rates foreign firms as a result of
cardiovascular illnesses their work experiences with the IT enabled sectors and business process outsourced companies in India. Both these phenomena contributed to the Indian economy and
metabolic disorders are observed. established India's reputation and contributed to India's emergence as a global soft power.
The authors hypothesised that this phenomenon could be explained in case of people from the Indian subcontinent due In addition to
these positive economic changes, social and public health related changes emerged as well, which is the
stresses involved in objective of this paper. We present the
migration process itself findings from a survey conducted in Bengaluru, India and
associated stress highlight health issues related
variables and these in turn, possibly mediated to
alter responses stress and work associated with call centre and
ended up busines process outsourcing. We also draw a parallel of health effects observed among Indians in a survey conducted in
Auckland DHB region in New Zealand. In the
manifestation light of
these findings, we discuss the
disease processes. Conventionally, broader question how should India address health issues to create a better environment for its own citizen even while it
is believed that possible operations of "thrifty genes" may explain why expatriate Indians settled in alien cultural contexts may develop different profiles of illnesses. realises its aspiration as a soft power.
To examine this phenomenon, the authors analysed health data from two subgroups from the Indian population -- call centre operators and business process operator employees, and expatriate migrant Indians. The call centre operators were deemed to "internally" migrate to a different "time zone" and operated within the context of an "alien" culture that could provide a cause of life stress, and data from expatriate migrants were deemed to "externally" migrate to a different time zone and operate within the context of an "alien" culture that could also contribute to life stresses explaining the emergence of different pattern of illnesses observed. If the relative risks of stress related illnesses were higher for both groups relative to the "native" population (non-occupationally exposed groups in case of Indian BPO employees and resident population in case of expatriate Indians), this would provide evidence in support of "migratory stress" factors as possible causal variables for the pattern of illnesses observed among population of Indian origin.
The data were analysed and triangulated from two sources: first, secondary analyses of data from Auckland District Health Board region of New Zealand was conducted, and relative risks of hypertensive disorders, and diabetes were estimated for people from India compared with other immigrants and Europeans; second, data from a preliminary call centre health survey (N = 150) on self reported health plus semi structured interviews were analysed to identify the relative risks of hypertension and diabetes among the age- and gender-matched Indian population subgroups obtained from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-III) -- regional samples.
Preliminary Results. -- Preliminary analysis of esults suggest that for both subgroups (resident Indians who work in BPOs and Call Centres) and migrant Indians, the rates of hypertension, diabetes, and life stress related illnesses were higher than their "native" counterparts. We attribute that this may be linked to their process of "migration". In connection with this, we analyse the migration process and associated stress using the nineteenth-century Indian migration to Mauritius based novel by Amitav Ghosh as a metaphor. The stresses associated with the migration process may lead to altered and unexpected health stats of Indian migrants compared with non-migrants.