Dr Shrimati Das edited subsection_Results_A_BPO_service__.tex  almost 9 years ago

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A special segment which was surveyed here as an integral part of this project was Women's participation in Transnational Call Center operations informing larger issues such as Globalization,Economic development, Gender equity and cultural acclimatization. Tulon (2004, p730) contended that 'cultural geography remains wholly almost wholly daylight geography'. But the night scape which serves as the basis of many 'changed cultural landscape' today in the Call Centers needs to be looked into, thereby not only changing the definition of 'cultural geography' from 'daylight' to 'night scape', it also brings into sharp focus the society's mindset towards women working ' night out', which is the biggest 'cultural taboo' for Indian Women for staying 'outdoor' after sunset. Hence, this survey did observe an acute sense of 'guilt' in working educated, skilled women workforce in ITES/BPO sector. This leads to a high tension filled behavioral outlook, contrary to the nature of Inian women.For example 68% of women in Bangalore (a highly cosmopolitan city with migrant population), 84% in Pune (a Highly literate state in India) and 32% in Hyderabad(a conservative state)are not comfortable working in the 'night scape' job profile, adversely affecting the status of their psychological well being.  A question posed to women workforce 'whether they have social acceptance' towards this changed 'night scape' existence, the survey brought out again some startling findings findings;  65% in Bangalore felt that they are 'guilty' of staying out, 75% experienced guilt in a conservative town like Hyderabad. Duality between 'cultural existence' in the ITES/BPO workforce in India- a position as being one of either the 'specular' border workforce' or the 'syncretic border workforce- a 'grey zone existence' According to Skeins model of organizational culture, leading to 'acute functional segregation' (Cheggappa & Goyal, 2002) Another fall out on 'health status' of women workforce is to develop a sense of 'inadequacy' in terms of 'quality time' spent with family.This is more in a comparatively conservative city like Pune. 40% in Bangalore, 72% in Pune and 32% in Hyderabad expressed that they fail to give sufficient time to spouse/children & friends.Again when we surveyed on the question of how much the/day/night shift affects their normal family life, it was surprising that Pune, a traditional city in India, tops the chart where 88% think that their life is too job cenetred and they are not able to give that much time as much they would like to. They had a great sense of 'letting down' their family members in advancing their career at the expense of their family life.52% in Bangalore, 88% in Pune, 56% in Hyderabad think their life is 'too job centered'. Moreover, the belief that they are not being able to be good wife, dutiful daughter-in-law, loving mother- all age old traditional stereotypical roles enacted by Indian women down the ages. Now suddenly, this demand on their on time day/night shift is literally creating havoc in their family life and this has direct impact on their wellbeing. Cases of 'work- centered' Hypertension, Hyperglycemia, Depression,and Nervous breakdown are on the rise in ITES/BPO Women workforce in India; 52% in Bangalore, 64% in Pune, 48% in Hyderabad think that their job is eating into their family life space.   Call Center Blues: CALL CENTER BLUES:  Stress is usually sensed as the body readjusts to too much of pressure.scientists use the term 'Homeostasis'to define the psychological limits in which the body functions efficiently and comfortably.Stress disturbs homeostasis by creating a state of imbalance.Long hours of work, permanent night shifts, and incredible high work targets are inherent factors of Call Center jobs. These are other social factors emanating from night shifts cause a multi level stress among the Call Center employees. Over a long period of time the stress response begins to take a toll on the body. The puffy eyes, red and blotchy skin, and edgy temperament demonstrates the stressful state of this workforce.Weight loss, deterioration of eyesight, shin problems, insomnia are normally experienced by BPO employees.  one of the prime targets affected in this stressful condition is the Thymus gland which plays a key role in the body's immune system.A weakened immune system makes the workforce vulnerable to infection and that is why people under stress often experiencing bouts of cold and cough and attack of flue.A few BPO offices visited have their in-house doctors, but they cannot prevent stress bound illnesses, which is rampant among the ITES workforce because of the very nature of their job.In the course of our survey, when the BPO workers were interviewed, it was found that the incessant calls would hardly provide them breathing space in between, and many a times, they take their food while talking over the phone. Towards the end, they all feel quite exhausted and crave to look forward to the end of the shift. 

These health issues led to innumerable cases of attrition, which is high in urban based ITES firms than in the two-tier cities across India. The general consensus is that this high rate of attrition can be checked by implementing concrete measures in the area of 'Health Management'  World wide IT companies come to India to 'Body Shop' of highly skilled, educated workforce, but our youngsters are giving into this euphoria at what expense? Just read this fact:Enty level graduates in India are paid between INR 12,000 to INR 15,000 ($150-$200) a month, about a tenth of what their US counterparts earn. In the Phillipines, entry level BPO employees earn about $400- $650 a month, much more than an Indian. This is why 'Body Shoppers' come to India. 

Finally bringing the relevance of the study to the present a few facts need to be mentioned. A case study conducted by Jayapal Dinesh Raja, Sanjeev kumar Bhasin for The Indian Journal of Community Medicine, on 'The Physical & Mental Health of Call Center Employees'- Vol, 39/Issue 3/page-175-177, 2014, in New Delhi, found that BPO employees were more health affected ,i.e more stressed 58.3% vs 19.3% ,more depressed 62.9% vs 4,6% and more anxious 33.9%vs 1.4% as compared to non BPO workers.  According to NASSCOM , in 2015, India's Information Technology & Buisness Process Management (IT-BPM)industry will add $12-15 billion incremental revenue, to existing industry revenues of & 118 billion .NASSCOM reports also stated that the industry added 160,000 employees , out of this women had a 32 % share and provide direct employment to 3.1 million people and indirect employment to 10 million people- a single job created directly in iTES ITES  segment results in additional three jobs indirectly in the related services such as security, transport & catering etc thereby creating more than 8.1 million jobs by the end of 2015 making India World's largest emplyable employable  pool. India is the only country to offer full spectrum of  ITES/BPO services, add to that India continuing to be the lowest cost location for IT domain. BUT AT WHAT COST!!!