Arin Basu edited Chapter_5_Results_of_the__.md  almost 9 years ago

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Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria after their full texts have been assessed.  Three of them inclusive of Borland (2013), Brendryen (2008) and Brendryen (2008) assessed both Internet- and Cell phone-based interventions. Six of them inclusive of Elfeddali (2012), Haug (2011), McKay (2008), Seidman (2010), Wangberg (2011) and Zbikowski (2011) evaluated Internet-based interventions. Additionally five studies inclusive of Free (2009), Free (2011), Haug (2013), Rodgers (2005) and Skov-Ettrup (2014) investigated Cell phone-based interventions. Furthermore (Brendryen 2008) included Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Zbikowski (2011) included additional telephone calls.  ##  Description of included studies Borland et al. (2013) assessed Internet- and Cell phone-based interventions in smoking cessation programmes. The main outcome of this research was self-reported abstinence at 6 months. Participants included in this study were 3530 adults (2195 in the intervention group and 1335 in the control group) aged 18 years plus, owned a Cell phone and had access to the Internet. Quit Coach is a personalized smoking cessation programme delivered over the Internet and Cell phone. These interventions included letters of advice, suggestions about strategies on how to cope with cravings and motivational messages. The control group received brief information on web-and phone-based interventions. Research conducted by Brendryen (2008) assessed Internet-and Cell phone interventions. The outcome studied was self-reported abstinence at 6 and 12 months. Participants were 396 adults (197 in the intervention group and 199 in the control group) 18 years plus, who had daily access to the Internet and owned a Cell phone. Happy Ending is a one year smoking cessation programme delivered via the Internet and Cell phone. It consists of emails, access to webpages, interactive voice response, text messages, access to a craving helpline, strategies on how to cope with cravings situations. All participants were given free Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT). The control group received self-help booklets including 44 pages containing general information, a quit diary and telephone numbers from the National Quitline.  Brendryen (2008) assessed Internet and Cell phone interventions and the outcome studied was self-reported abstinence at 6 and 12 months. 290 adults (144 in the intervention group and 146 in the control group) 18 years plus, who owned a Cell phone and had access to the Internet were included. Participants did not receive any Nicotine Replacement Therapy. The intervention included emails, access to webpages and text messages including strategies on how to stay abstinent. The Control group had access to general resources including books and magazines about self-treatment.  Elfeddali (2012) assessed Internet-based interventions in smoking cessation programmes. The outcomes studied were self-reported and biochemically verified abstinence at 12 months. Participants were 2031 adults (1395 in the intervention group and 636 in the control group) aged 18 years plus. Stay quit for you study (SQ4U) includes online assignments and questionnaires, including information about dangers of smoking, the benefits of not smoking and motivational messages. The Control group only filled out questionnaires and did not receive emails and interventions. 

## Figure 4: Forest Plot of the Subgroup Analyses  ## Description of the Results