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A meta analysis was conducted to measure the effectiveness of Internet and cell phone based interventions for the quitting and prevention of longer term relapse of smoking. The rationale and steps of the meta analysis are prsented below.  ## 2.6.1. The Role of this Meta-Analysis    A Meta-Analysis was conducted to investigate the role of Internet-and Cell phone-based interventions ‘delivered via email, accessing websites, text messages’ to achieve longer-term cessation of smoking among adult smokers. A Meta-Analysis is referred to as a statistical combination of results from two or more primary studies (Cochrane, 2008). A Meta-Analysis refers to a method that uses statistical techniques to combine results from different studies to obtain a quantitative estimate of the overall effect of a particular intervention on a defined outcome. It is a statistical process for pooling data from many clinical trials to gain a clear conclusion (Medical Dictionary, 2015).   There are several advantages in conducting a Meta-Analysis. These include achieving an increase in power as power is referred to as the chance of detecting a real effect of statistical significance if it exists, to improve accuracy known as the estimation of intervention effect which can be improved if it is based on more information, to assist in answering questions which are not presented by individual primary studies due to them involving a specific type of participants and specifically defined interventions, this way a selection of studies in which these specific characteristics differ can allow investigation of the consistency of effect and reasons for the difference in effect estimates, to settle controversies arising from apparently conflicting studies and to generate new hypotheses. For this reason this statistical analysis of findings allows the degree of conflict to be formally assessed and reasons for different results to be explored and quantified.  ## Steps of the Meta Analysis  Now write the steps of the meta analysis in clear simple English so that anyone reading this can reproduce your steps. Write under the following headeings: headings:  ## Study Question 
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2. ..  3.   Finish **Finish  the list. list**.  A study was excluded from this resesarch if:  ## Steps of * The study did not have adults as  the Meta-Analysis participants  * If the study was not reported in English language or a translated version was not available  * ...  ## 2.6.1. The Role of **Finish  this Meta-Analysis    A Meta-Analysis was conducted to investigate the role of Internet-and Cell phone-based interventions ‘delivered via email, accessing websites, text messages’ to achieve longer-term cessation of smoking among adult smokers. A Meta-Analysis is referred to as a statistical combination of results from two or more primary studies (Cochrane, 2008). A Meta-Analysis refers to a method that uses statistical techniques to combine results from different studies to obtain a quantitative estimate of the overall effect of a particular intervention on a defined outcome. It is a statistical process for pooling data from many clinical trials to gain a clear conclusion (Medical Dictionary, 2015). list**  There are several advantages ## Search Terms and Databases Searched  Write here  in conducting a Meta-Analysis. These include achieving an increase details what search terms were employed and what databases were searched. How did you know that the search terms you used were good enough?  List all the databases you searched  inpower as power is referred to as  the chance of detecting a real effect following list.   ## Appraisal  ofstatistical significance if it exists, to improve accuracy known as  the estimation of intervention effect which can be improved if it Studies Based on their Titles and Abstracts  This  is the first pass of the meta analysis. Write here what did you do to filter studies  based on more information, to assist in answering questions which are their titles and abstracts. If the title and or the abstract did  not presented by individual primary studies due match your expectations or did not meet the inclusion criteria for this study then they were removed from further consideration. Write those here.   ## Search for fugitive literature and grey literature  Fugitive literature refers  to them involving those studies where the author may have conducted  a specific type of participants study but he did not publish it anywhere. Alternatively, the author may have sent for publication but that did not get published. It is possible to find out about gray literature from trials databases,  and specifically defined interventions, occasionally asking experts, etc. Describe what did you do about finding out grey literature in  this way research.  ## Hand searches from the lists of references from the literature reviewed  You need to convince your readers that you did as comprehensive  a selection search as possible. Write here that you rand hand searches following reading the full texts  of all  studies included  inwhich these specific characteristics differ can allow investigation of  the consistency of effect and reasons full text appraisal to look  for more studies. So, you searched  the difference University of Canterbury library archives, etc. Write that  in effect estimates, to settle controversies arising from apparently conflicting details here.   ## Critical Appraisal of the  studies included in the full text  Write here how were the full texts of the studies retrieved  and what did you do  to generate new hypotheses. For appraise them critically. There are critical appraisal checklists available. Write how you noted their biases and how you conducted their risk of bias tables. This table will be needed in the results section  ## Summarising the Results of the Study: Random effects versus fixed effects meta analysis  First of all, discuss heere what is meant by fixed effects versus random effects meta analysis. Then write, what did you do for  this reason particular thesis. Give the equations and steps. State that you used R and Stata for  this statistical analysis purpose. Summarising the results of the studies is done by creating Forest Plots  ## Assessment  offindings allows  the degree heterogeneity  of conflict to be formally assessed studies  You used I-squared tests. write about that.  ## Summarising the Studies: Odds Ratio and Forest PLot  Give the formula for the Odds Ratio, the 95% Confidence Interval  and reasons write how you constructed the Forest Plot  ## Testing  for different results to be explored Publication Bias: visual inspection  Write here that you tested for publication bias by setting up Funnel Plot. Discuss what a funnel plot means and why  and quantified. how you will use the Funnel Plot to visualise the distribution of studies.  ## Subgroup Analysis  Write here that you conducted subgroup analyses following analysis of the entire data set. What were the criteria on the basis of which you selected the sub groups? Write that here.