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\end{enumerate}  \end{quote}  \subsection{Open Science Metrics}  As pointed out by the OECD ``Open science can be supported by defining the right incentive mechanisms to promote open  behaviours in science and research''. Incentive mechanism have to rely on metrics taking into account open science and data-sharing efforts.  ``The use of new online scholarly (and non-scholarly) tools to disseminate results offers  the possibility to develop and employ new metrics to capture different types of impacts of scientific  outputs. These new or alternative metrics are often referred to as \textit{altmetrics} (\href{http://altmetrics.org/manifesto/}{Priem et al. 2010}).''   %This is particularly important as ``currently, measures of academic impact focus on publications in academic journals, while sharing  %(publishing) data is generally not taken into account. Researchers are rewarded for publishing results  %obtained from analysis of data sets, rather than for publishing the data sets themselves. This may create  %situations in which researchers are willing to protect their data sets rather than publish them.''  %For scientists:  %\begin{quote}  %There has been debate in the academic literature as to whether open access publications receive more