resulting in maximum emission for those waves with horizontal wave vector \(k_h\sim 1/{\mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{P,c}}}\) and angular frequency \(\omega \sim {v}_c/{\mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{P,c}}}\), where now \({v}_c\) and \({\mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{P,c}}}\) are evaluated at the top of the convective region. They calculated that the amount of convective kinetic energy flux going into acoustic and gravity waves is and respectively, where we take \(F_{c}\sim \rho_c {\langle{{v}_{c}}\rangle}^3\) and \(M_c\) is the Mach number in the upper part of the convective region. Since convection in our models is subsonic, gravity waves are expected to extract more energy from the convective region than acoustic waves. These gravity waves can then propagate outward, reach the surface and induce observable density and velocity fluctuations (Fig. \ref{fig:sketch}).