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Matteo Cantiello edited We_study_the_convection.tex
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{We We study the convection zones in the outer envelope of hot massive stars which are
caused by opacity peaks associated with iron and helium
ionization.}
{We ionization.
We determine the occurrence and properties of these convection zones as function of the stellar parameters.
We then confront our results with observations of OB
stars.}
{A stars.
A stellar evolution code is used to compute a grid of massive star
models at different metallicities. In these models, the mixing length theory is used to
characterize the envelope convection
zones.}
{We zones.
We find the iron convection zone (FeCZ) to be more prominent for lower surface gravity,
higher luminosity and higher initial metallicity.
It is absent for luminosities below about $10^{3.2}\lso$, $10^{3.9}\lso$,
and $10^{4.2}\lso$ for the Galaxy, LMC and SMC, respectively.
We map the strength of the FeCZ on the Hertzsprung-Russell
diagram for three metallicities, and compare this with the occurrence of
observational phenomena in O stars: microturbulence, non-radial pulsations,
wind clumping, and line profile
variability.}
{The variability.
The confirmation of all three trends for the FeCZ
as function of stellar parameters by empirical microturbulent velocities
argues for a physical connection between sub-photospheric convective
motions and small scale stochastic velocities in the photosphere of
...
We further suggest that clumping in the inner parts of the winds of OB stars
could be caused by the same mechanism, and that magnetic fields produced in the
FeCZ could appear at the surface of OB stars as diagnosed
by discrete absorption components in ultraviolet absorption
lines.} lines.