Therefore, assuming these low-mass stars provide a not-too-dissimilar environment for Life compared to our Sun, the relative probability of Life-emergence has to peak in the very far future. This is the main result of Loeb and collaborators. Note they can not tell absolute numbers, that is how many planets hosting Life are present at a certain time in the Universe. They just calculates a relative probability, which turns out to be much higher in the distant future than it is now.

As the authors point out, “The question is then, why do we find ourselves orbiting a star like the Sun now rather than a lower mass star in the future?”