Matteo Cantiello edited untitled.tex  about 8 years ago

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On 14 September 2015 at 4:50:45 AM Eastern standard time, the LIGO experiment detected the passage of \textbf{gravitational waves} independently at the two locations of the experiment (one in Washington and the other in Louisiana). This amazing discovery has occurred Almost exactly 100 years after Albert Einstein published his General Theory of Relativy, and represents the last verification of this beautiful theory.  The cosmic storm that produced these waves was quite gnarly: Two black holes with a combined mass larger than 60 times the mass of our Sun and separated by just a few hundred kilometers spiraling towards each other at half the speed of light and then merging. The gravitational waves detected by LIGO were produced during the very last part of the in-spiraling process (last half second), when the two black holes were almost touching each other and the amount of energy deposited in gravitational waves was largest. As a matter of fact, during the observed waves permitted to reconstruct how much energy was produced during the merger event. The initial masses of the two black holes were 36 and 29 times the mass of the Sun. But after the merger the mass of the newly formed black hole was only 62 solar masses. Where did the extra 3 solar masses? The mass was converted into energy and used to produce the gravitational waves. This means that the power emitted by the source for the very short duration of the event was larger than the integrated power emitted by all stars in the Universe! This represents the most powerful event ever observed by mankind (after the Big Bang).  Gravitational waves are produced when mass are accelerated, but their amplitude is generally very tiny. But when two compact objects rotate very close to each other (for example two neutron stars or two black holes) then we have very large masses and huge accelerations, the key ingredient for producing some big waves (at least close to the source). at extremely high  How did the waves look like? Glassy and double-overhead!