Barry Sheppard edited Bipolar_disorder_is_one_of__.tex  over 8 years ago

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Bipolar disorder is one of the top 10 most disabling conditions in the world \cite{kupfer_increasing_2005}. \citep{kupfer_increasing_2005}.  It effects an estimated 1 percent of the population in its classic manic-depressive form \cite{weissman_cross-national_1996}, \citep{weissman_cross-national_1996},  also known as the bipolar I subtype. An additional 2 percent of the population suffer from other subtypes and related disorders \cite{kupfer_increasing_2005}. \citep{kupfer_increasing_2005}.  The pathogenesis of the disorder remains a subject of study, with genetic factors possibly contributing to bipolar risk \cite{fears_multisystem_2014}. \citep{fears_multisystem_2014}.  In 1995, the estimated cost of the disorder in the US alone was \$45 billion per annum \cite{wyatt_economic_1995}. \citep{wyatt_economic_1995}.  On average, one-fifth of individuals with bipolar die by suicide \cite{jamison_touched_1996}  (Jamison, 1996, p41). It “may account for one-quarter of all completed suicides” \citep[p131]{_diagnostic_2013} (Diagnostic \citep[Diagnostic  and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2013, p131). Disorders][p131]{_diagnostic_2013}.  Episodes of hypomanic and depressive mood and energy levels characterise bipolar and related disorders.