This work would have never been possible without the relentless help and support of my teachers Hugues Richard, who is also my advisor, and Alessandra Carbone, head of the Analytical Genomics teams and director of the LCQB. I would also like to thank my family for their moral support and all the members of the LCQB, especially Bogdan Mirauta and Raphael Champeimont who have directly contributed to the internship.