Benjamin Sanchez Lengeling edited The_SQ_limit_is_a__.md  almost 9 years ago

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( \(J_{SC} \) ), open-circuit voltage ( \(V_{OC} \) ), and fill factor ( \$FF\$ ) in the 24-26 mA/cm2, 840-850 mV, and 74-76% ranges respectively.  Defects such as grain boundaries can alter these device parameter\cite{Yan_2011} in a uncontrolled fashion. Pushing cell conversion efficiencies beyond 20% will require primarly increasing \( V_{OC} \) beyond 1V. The current ( \(V_{OC} \) ) is well bellow the expected 1.2 V with respect to the absorber layer band gap. However the present pathway of processing optimization will likely yield \( V_{OC} \) and efficiency converging on 0.9 V and <20%, respectively. respectively  \cite{McCandless_2013}. Therefore engineer the photon dynamics and internal fluorescence of a PV cell is essential in reaching theoretical efficiency.