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Based on research on previous literature and looking at the success of other materials we propose two similar, yet different designs, illustrated in figure .  Both designs are based on three main ideas:   1. **Buffer Layer** between the window and the front contact. contact for defect passivation/lifetime  improvement.  2. Novel materials for **back contacts**. contacts** .  \cite{Matin_2010} 3. **Efficient Light Trapping Structure** via Distributed Bragg Reflectors as a back mirror and textured glass to increase photon recycling.\cite{Khosroabadi_2014}  ## Buffer Layer 
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Several resistive and conductive oxides have been found to be effective buffer layers using binary and ternary transparent oxides of Cd, In, Zn, and Sn \cite{Ferekides_2005}.  ## Back Contact  The development of stable back contacts as well as sources of instability in a cell are important if voltage is to be maximized.the high contact resistance between CdTe and the back contact  Degradation effects are often associated with metal diffusion from the back contact of the cell, which is Cu in most cases. However, cells with stable back contact can also exhibit instability, as also all the other cell layers are potential sources of impurities causing instability.\cite{B_tzner_2004}  Cell degradation due to generation of defects from external influences like particle irradiation, e.g.in space, is another reason for instability. The development of stable back contacts as well as sources of instability in a cell are important if voltage is to be maximized. Many novel back contacts have been proposed and simulated numerically \cite{Matin_2010}. high-work function back contact materials;  Titanium Selenide   Potential Some potential  layered compound candidates are the selenides TiSe2, VSe2, NbSe2 and TaSe2, as well as their corresponding sulfides.   \cite{Ferekides_2011} sulfides \cite{Ferekides_2011}.  ## Efficient Light Trapping Structure  This strategy is influenced in part by the success of GaAs photovoltaics, the highest  efficiencies cannot be achieved unless the solar cell is also designed to also be a good light emitting diode (LED).  
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Particularly encouraging is a numerical simulation of a proposed cell structure \cite{Khosroabadi_2014} with back mirrors had an open-circuit voltage of 1.062V, and overall efficiency of 21.02%.   While ultra-thin (<1µ) semiconductor layers are less effective at absorbing sunlight, result in poorer cell performances due to shunting, incomplete photon absorption and interference between the main and the back contact  junction\cite{Paudel_2012},  they are cheaper from a material point view. If efficent light trapping techniques are used, the absortion efficency can be increased allowing for minimal loss. Intead of 1-2 µm thin films, 100nm could be adequete fora direct bangap material as  CdTe. ## Post-growth treatments  The "CdCl2" treatment or “activation” process, while poorly understood is a treatment that consists of growth or post-growth heat treatment of CdTe layers in the presence of CdCl2 or halogens (mostly, chlorine, and fluorine) molecules, atoms or ions.