Kelly Mackintosh edited introduction.tex  over 10 years ago

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\section{Introduction}   It is well established that peadiatric obesity is associated with numerous health implication in later life (1). Despite evidence to suggest that the prevalence of obesity has plateaued in recent years with the UK (2) and internationally (3), there is no evidence of a decline, and a high proportion of children remain at risk of morbidity. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour are key variables implicated in childhood obesity due to their influence on energy balance (4). Current physical activity guidelines recommend children between 5 and 18 years of age to engage in at least 60 minutes moderate-to-vigorous physical activity every day (5). Despite this, children, on average, are insufficiently active (6) and engage in excessive sedentary behaviour. Specifically, only 41 percent of boys and 30 percent of girls in Wales meet these recommended guidelines (PREVIOUS REF 1). Moreover, according to the Department of Health, more than 30 percent of 5 to 12 year old children in the UK are obese, with Wales leading at 36 percent (PREVIOUS REF 2). It is well established that paediatric obesity is associated with numerous health implications in later life (1). Despite evidence to suggest that the prevalence of obesity has plateaued in recent years within the UK (2) and internationally (3), there is no evidence of a decline, and a high proportion of children remain at risk of morbidity. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour are key variables implicated in childhood obesity due to their influence on energy balance (4). Current physical activity guidelines recommend children between 5 and 18 years of age to engage in at least 60 minutes moderate-to-vigorous physical activity every day (5). Despite this, children on average are insufficiently active (6) and engage in excessive sedentary behaviour. Specifically, only 41% of boys and 30% of girls in Wales meet these recommended guidelines (PREVIOUS REF 1). Moreover, according to the Department of Health, more than 30% of 5 to 12 year old children in the UK are obese, with Wales leading (36%) (PREVIOUS REF 2). Many interventions have been conducted to reverse childhood overweight and obesity, employing a variety of strategies to enhance levels of habitual physical activity and reduce time spent in sedentary behaviours. Schools have been identified as a key context to implement such physical activity promoting interventions, given that children on average spend 40% 40 percent  of their waking time there (Fox…). Despite this, school-based interventions have been conducted with varied success (Van Sluihs..), which could be attributed to the different intervention strategies and variable methodological quality, such as lack of objective measurements of physical activity (7). Furthermore, interventions targeting reduced sedentary behaviour tend to discourage highly valued behaviours, such as engagement with technology. LINK TO COMPUTER SCIENCE INTERVENTIONS… Specifically, ambient displays, also known as glanceable displays, which are peripheral, aesthetically pleasing displays of information that support awareness of some data, can be utilised to make information visible in an appealing and socially interactive manner. They are designed to be looked at occasionally without distracting us from our activities (ROGERS 2010).  Therefore, the aim of the present pilot study was to utilise ambient displays in order to provide near real-time visual feedback on physical activity levels during school time.