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Parisa added Goal-setting.tex
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\subsection{Goal-setting}
Goal-setting and the use of rewards are considered key features of technologies intended to encourage physical activity [Consolvoetal06] and most generations of smartphones make this convenient and easy. Always-available displays and mobile journaling systems make it convenient and easy for users to log activities and events in order to help users understand how active they are, set achievable goals and monitor progress towards them. Such apps are available for almost all generations of smartphones .
The most prominent approach to determining physical activity goals can be found in Chick-Clique [ToscosFaber06], where users set their own daily step-count goals. In this example, the locus of control remains with the user, who has to determine the degree of change that he or she wants to make. One potential problem with this approach is that it relies on the user to set an appropriately challenging goal. If users set goals are either too difficult or too easy, they can fail to inspire change [Strechetal95].
In Houston [Consolvoetal06] and Fish’n’Steps [Linetal06], the problem of avoiding inappropriate goals was addressed by automatically creating each user’s step-count goal based on their baseline step-count. Consolvo et al [Consolvoetal06] modified the approach proposed by the Walking Works programme [PC04] to determine a static goal for the two weeks of the user trial of Houston. In Fish`n’Steps, Lin et al. used the findings of previous pedometer studies to identify a realistic step-count increase, and then tailored it to the individual using an exponential function to set goals for each of the six weeks of the user-trial. Each daily goal was an incremental increase towards the week’s goal. No research has been done to directly compare the strengths and weaknesses of these contrasting approaches.
