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George edited subsectionAims__To_u.tex
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...
Galaxies are attracted toward one another due to the force of gravity,
so most galaxies in the Universe tend to be near other galaxies, existing
in clumps called groups or
clusters, depending on their size. clusters.
Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, lives in
a rather insignificant cluster we call the Local Group. This cluster
has two big galaxies, our own and the Andromeda Galaxy (M 31), in
...
have a look at some of the galaxies. There are well over a thousand on this
plate, though many are too faint to see without a microscope.
The Virgo cluster is
a big the closest galaxy cluster
of galaxies which happens to
be
quite close to us, the Milky Way,
which is why it appears so large and spectacular.
In fact,
it has recently been discovered the Virgo cluster is actually one of the smaller clusters that
our whole have been observed, and both the Local Group
is probably falling into the Virgo Cluster, sucked in by
its gravity.
(By and the
way, Virgo
is by no means the biggest galaxy cluster known. In
fact, it is a bit Cluster form part
of a
runt; it only looks spectacular because it is
very close to us. larger structure called the Virgo Supercluster.
If you look hard at the Virgo cluster plate, you
will see lots of tiny galaxies in the background \ -- \ try it. These
are part of
an absolutely another colossal supercluster of galaxies, known as
the
`Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster', of Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster, which
Virgo is merely a tiny
outlying part. And evidence coming in at along with the
moment suggests that even
this supercluster is just Virgo Supercluster
and others forms part of an even
bigger sheet larger structure called the Laniakea Supercluster.
The scale of
structure doesn't end with superclusters,
even these unfathomably
large objects are observed to group together along filaments and sheets,
separated by relatively empty `voids'.
The network of filaments and voids form what is known as the
`Supergalactic plane', hundreds of Mpc
across. Even this Supergalactic plane seems to be just one of many `Cosmic Web', itself
a relatively recent and extremely important discovery in
Cosmology.
In Figure 3 we show an image of the
universe, forming a bubble-like network on cosmic web constructed from the
biggest scales we
can currently observe.) Sloan Digital Sky
Survey, which measured the positions and redshifts (a cosmological unit of distance) of
millions of galaxies.
The Virgo cluster is so close to us that it doesn't all fit even on
a Schmidt plate \ -- \ this picture only shows the centre. So in this