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\subsubsection{Climate}  The Tropical Andes climate has severalclimate  drivers. These are the Amazon forest, oceanic currents, and the topography \cite{Martinez2011}. The Amazon forest—through Evapo-transpiration—produces a  great amount of water vapor. This water precipitates along the Western Cordillera because of orographic precipitation. This precipitation is also produced in the Eastern Cordillera. Air masses advected from the Pacific Ocean produce this effect. The influence of the Pacific Ocean in the climate variability is important. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is the main driver of decadal climate variability in this region \cite{Martinez2011}. The inter-annual variability depends on the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) \cite{Vuille_2000,Villacis2003}. Overall, the El Niño events in the Tropical Andes produce a below-average precipitation pattern \cite{Garreaud2009}. Yet, this response is not uniform in the Ecuadorian Andes \cite{Villacis2003}. No relationship exists between ENSO and precipitation during the wet season (October-May). Yet, there is a consistent trend with below-average precipitation during the dry season (June-August). This may occur because precipitation has some Atlantic influence as well \cite{Vuille_2000}. On the other hand, ENSO can largely explain the inter-annual variability of temperature \cite{Vuille_2000}. El Niño events are associated with higher temperatures in most of the Ecuadorian Andes \cite{Vuille_2000}. \subsubsection{Fire}