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\subsection{Synchronization of lecture and lab topics}  \label{s.synchronicity}  AST 208 was formed by merger of a laboratory observing course with a lecture-based course on planetary science. This merger was done to use available faculty hours efficiently. The efficiently; in practice the lecture and lab continued to operate as independent courses. Recent  revisions to the lab (\S~\ref{s.encounters-with-data}), especially the use of ``real'' data, demand a more rigorous treatment of statistics statistics, however,  and therefore a tighter integration of the course lectures with the lab activities. To do this, we converted the first half of the course lectures into a more general discussion of astronomy and statistics. As motivation, we introduce these concepts in the context of detecting exoplanets; this ties the introductory material to the treatment of planetary science in the latter half of the course. The first two weeks of lecture now discusses angular coordinates, right ascension and declination, sidereal time, and parallax. In the first lab, students find objects on the skey using with the \verb|Stellarium| planetarium software; in the second lab, the students determine which celestial objects are visible from the MSU campus observatory.  The lectures then discuss the inverse-square-law for flux, magnitude, and the distance modulus. A discussion of the wave nature of light, in particular diffraction, then follows. This dovetails with the lab, in which students use the \verb|ds9| visualization software to measure point-spread functions.