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\subsection{Synchronization of lecture and lab}  \label{sec:synchronicity}  In previous editions of AST 208, the lecture and lab operated more or less independently. The revisions to the lab (\S~\ref{sec:lab}), especially the use of ``real'' data and analysis tools, now demand a more rigorous treatment of statistics and a tighter integration of the course lectures with the lab activities. To do this, we now devote the lectures in  the first half of the course lectures into a more general discussion of astronomy and now cover foundational topics---coordinates, sidereal time, parallax---and  statistics. As motivation, we introduce these concepts in the context of detecting exoplanets; this ties the introductory material to the treatment of planetary science in the latter half of the course. The first two weeks of lecture now discusses angular coordinates, right ascension and declination, sidereal time, and parallax. In the first lab, students find objects on the sky using with the \href{http://www.stellarium.org/}{Stellarium planetarium software}; in the second lab, the students determine which celestial objects are visible from the \href{http://www.pa.msu.edu/astro/observ/}{MSU Observatory} (and test their predictions, even on cold cloudy nights, with the help of \href{http://www.pa.msu.edu/abrams/}{Abrams Planetarium}). The lectures then discuss the inverse-square law for flux, the magnitude scale, and the distance modulus. A discussion of the wave nature of light, in particular diffraction, then follows. This dovetails with the lab, in which students use the \href{http://ds9.si.edu/site/Home.html}{ds9 visualization software} to measure point-spread functions.