deletions | additions       diff --git a/student gain.tex b/student gain.tex  index 6918acf..a121c24 100644  --- a/student gain.tex  +++ b/student gain.tex 
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We measure student gains \citep[see, e.g.,][]{hake1998interactive} by incorporating a pre-test and post-test into the course. We will ask questions from the pre-test again, either on in-class quizzes or on the final exam. This allows us to compute a gain in student competency,  \begin{equation}  \label{eq:gain} \label{eqn:gain}  \langle g\rangle = \sum_{i=1}^{N} \left( \frac{S_{\mathrm{post}} - S_{\mathrm{pre}}}{S_{\mathrm{max}}-S_{\mathrm{pre}}}\right)_i,  \end{equation}  where $S_{\mathrm{pre}}$, $S_{\mathrm{post}}$, and $S_{\mathrm{max}}$ are respectively the pre-test score, post-test score, and maximum score for student $i$.