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\section{Energy and resource efficiency}  Industrial processes convert raw materials in products and by products. Solvents like water are typically used as a support for the conversion process. The driving force of the conversion is the energy typically in the form of work or heat. This energy is typically obtained by conversion processes that convert the process energy resources (e.g. fuel, electricity) into useful process energy forms. By the expression of first principle of thermodynamics mass and energy is conserved in the system. This means that the materials that is not leaving the system as a product will leave the system as a waste or has to be recycled. The same stands for the energy that will leave the system in form of waste (typically heat). The goal of the process system engineering approach is to better understand the mass and energy conversion in the system in order to maximise the conversion efficiency of raw materials and energy, maximising the reuse of production support materials and energy which in turns means minimizing the production of waste streams and limit the amount of waste heat. In this field, the industrial process and energy systems engineering group develops computer aided methods to realize the rational use of materials and energy in the industrial processes. For the analysis of the energy usage, the thermodynamic methods based on the exergy analysis and particularly useful to understand the quality of the energy usage in the process unit operation.  The approach starts with the energy audits that aims at understanding the energy usage in the process. The development of pinch analysis \cite{Flower_1979} has been a major advance in the understanding of the heat usage and recovery in industrial processes. The method has later been extended to consider the combined heat and power integration\cite{Townsend_1983} and to use mathematical programming techniques\cite{Papoulias_1983}. The group of prof Marechal in EPFL has further developed the concept by especially considering the mathematical programing methods for the combined integration of heat recovery and and energy conversion \cite{Marechal_2003,Mar_chal_1998} \cite{Marechal_2003,Mar_chal_1998}.