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François Marechal edited section_Process_and_energy_systems__.tex
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\section{Process and energy systems design}
The process integration techniques can
also be used
in order to generate
innovative process designs
obtained by combining
technologies new technologies. The computer aided method developed by the industrial process and energy system engineering group combines process flowsheet models with process integration techniques and thermo-economic and life cycle environmental impact assessment to
create integrated systematically generate optimal process design by the use of advanced superstructure based multi-objective optimisation techniques. Such methods have been applied to study bio-synthetic natural gas \cite{Gassner_2012} and liquid biofuel \cite{Tock_2010,1f0c7b30-8cdd-4e23-bc61-0745ca81e4a2} production processes.
It has also been applied to study the integration of $CO_2$ capture technologies in power plants \cite{Tock_2014}. The conversion of biomass into chemical products and fuel is an important application showing efficiencies of up to 70\% from biomass lower heating value to biofuel. One important application is the integration of solid oxide fuel cell in advanced concepts for electricity production. An example is the process patented by EPFL \cite{Facchinetti_2011} that reaches an electrical efficiency of more than 80\% while capturing the $CO_2$. This efficiency is reached by properly integrating an SOFC unit as developed by the group of Jan Vanherle in EPFL \cite{e1aa8b4b-40a7-41cc-bae9-1294bf6d5987} with a fuel processing unit and a inverted Brayton cycle using high speed turbo-machinery \cite{Schiffmann_2010}. Integrating this concept