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Kenneth Fortino edited Introduction.tex
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\section{Introduction}
Ecosystem subsidies, the movement of resources across ecosystem boundries \cite{Polis_1997}, are an important part of organic matter cycling in aquatic systems. Although the reciprical transfer of resources between aquatic and terrestrial systems is common (cite), the majority of lentic and lotic ecosystems rely heavily on terrestrial organic matter inputs to support their metabolism and secondary production \cite{Marcarelli_2011}. Organic matter subsidies from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems are dominated by detrital plant material either as dissolved (DOC) or particulate (POC) organic
carbon. Although DOC and POC inputs are variable across systems, they carbon, which can represent a substantial augmentation of autochthonous organic matter production \cite{Hodkinson_1975,GASITH_1976,wetzel_1984,WETZEL_1995,Webster_1997,Kobayashi_2011,Mehring_2014}.
The
most well described examples of the way in which terrestrial POC subsidies support aquatic food webs
of comes from forested
streams are heavily dependent on streams, where the input of leaf litter (POC)
to support maintain secondary production \cite{wallaceetal_1999} but even streams with high autochthonous production \cite{Mineau_2012} and urbanized streams \cite{Duan_2014} respond to alterations in leaf litter inputs. Dissolved organic carbon inputs into streams have received less attention than POC subsidies but DOC subsidies are an important component of stream organic matter budgets \cite{McDowell_1976} and have been shown to alter the abundance \cite{Bott_1984} and function \cite{Bernhardt_2002} of stream microbial communities. Furthermore, DOC subsidies processed through the microbial loop can support metazoan production \cite{Hall_1998,Wilcox_2005}.
The importance of subsidies of terrestrial plant detritus for lake food webs is
also well established. Since lentic systems are generally accretive \cite{WETZEL_2001}, they accumulate a substantial mass of refractory detrital DOC and POC from the watershed \cite{Rich_1978,wetzel_1984,WETZEL_1995}. This persistent supply of organic matter tends to supply
hetertrophic heterotrophic respiration in excess of gross primary production (GPP), resulting in net heterotrophy in most lentic systems
\cite{Cole_2000,Marcarelli_2011}. A substantial amount of... \cite{Cole_2000, Marcarelli_2011}. The importance of terrestrial organic matter subsidies to lentic systems has emphasized the support of pelagic food webs by terrestrially-derived DOC \cite{Carpenter_2005} \cite{Cole_2006}
\cite{Pace_2004} \cite{Pace_2004}.
The recognition that most of the lakes in the world are small systems \cite{Downing_2007} has