Kenneth Fortino edited Introduction.tex  almost 8 years ago

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\section{Introduction}  Ecosystem subsidies, the movement of resources across ecosystem boundries \cite{Polis_1997}, are an important part of organic matter cycling in aquatic systems. The reciprical transfer of resources between aquatic and terrestrial systems is common \cite{Nakano_2001}, however the input of terrestrial organic matter to aquatic systems is an especially significant flux of material since, this subsidy has been shown to support metabolism and secondary production in a majority of lentic and lotic ecosystems\cite{Marcarelli_2011}. Organic matter subsidies from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems are dominated by detrital plant material either as dissolved (DOC) or particulate (POC) organic carbon, which can represent a substantial augmentation of substantially augment  autochthonous organic matter production \cite{Hodkinson_1975,GASITH_1976,wetzel_1984,WETZEL_1995,Webster_1997,Kobayashi_2011,Mehring_2014}. The direct input of DOC dominates terrestrial subsidies in most aquatic systems \cite{Rich_1978,wetzel_1984,CITE} but POC inputs, mainly in the form of leaf litter, can substantially augment aquatic organic matter pools \cite{Wetzel_1972,Hodkinson_1975,GASITH_1976,Rich_1978,Wallace_1999,Mehring_2014}. During the process of leaf litter decomposition in aquatic systems, leaves supply distinct subsidies to aquatic systems \cite{Gessner_1999,Marcarelli_2011}. Up to 30\% of the initial mass of leaves can be leached as DOC \cite{CITE,Meyer_1998,Duan_2014}, although large initial DOC fluxes from dried leaves may be an artifact of the drying process (CITE). This supply of DOC is an important component of aquatic organic matter budgets \cite{McDowell_1976,Karlsson_2007} and has been shown to alter the abundance \cite{Bott_1984,Fey_2015} and function \cite{MCCONNELL_1968} of aquatic microbial communities. Furthermore, DOC subsidies processed through the microbial loop support metazoan production \cite{Hall_1998,Wilcox_2005,Fey_2015b}. The leaf mass that remains following leaching can be transferred directly to the biomass of aquatic invertebrate \cite{Wallace_1999,Kobayashi_2011} and vertebrate \cite{Rubbo_2008} consumers via consumption of the leaf material \cite{Gessner_1999}.