Andrea Attili edited Intr. - kVp1.tex  over 9 years ago

Commit id: da399fa48c2394ac9b61a409f431c3bba7c0763c

deletions | additions      

       

The high radiosensitization induced at kilovoltage energies by gold nanoparticles is well documented by both \textit{in vitro} and \textit{in vivo} studies (mice with implanted tumors) \cite{Hainfeld_2004,Hainfeld_2004,Kong_2008,Rahman_2009,Jain_2012}. As an example, irradiation of cells loaded with gold foils reported dose enhancement factors higher than 100 \cite{Regulla_1998,Regulla_2002}. As the concentration of nanoparticles increases the radiosensitization increases \cite{Rahman_2009,Lechtman_2013,Ranjbar_2010}, due to the higher number of photoelectric interactions and consequently higher dose deposition as well as an additional oxidative stress induced by the presence of nanoparticles \cite{Pan_2009,Kang_2010}. Experimental studies have revealed that gold nanoparticles radiosensitization are also highly sensitive to photon source energy \cite{Chithrani_2010}[Asg10], \cite{Chithrani_2010,Asg10},  cancer cell type \cite{Patra_2007,Jain_2011}, nanoparticle size \cite{Butterworth_2012} and their localization relative to cellular DNA \cite{Brun_2009}.