Veronica edited Mat&Met - dose radial profile.tex  almost 9 years ago

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\section{Materials and Methods}  \subsection{GNP dose enhancement radial profile simulations}  Knowledge of range and type of secondary particles, particles  such as Auger electrons, photoelectrons or characteristic X-rays, and their variation with the primary photon energy is fundamental to develop a model delineating the GNP-photon GNPs-photons  interactions. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out usingthe  Geant4 simulation toolkit in which a 2 nm GNPis  placed at the centerat the center  of a $10^3$ $\mu\text{m}^3$ cube of water were was  uniformly irradiated with different photon energies ranging from 50 keV to 15 MeV. Processes like Auger, Auger electrons,  photoelectric emission, and interaction of secondaries in nearby atoms were simulated to evaluate the ionization density following irradiation. Energetic cutoff of 10 eV were used for the production of secondary particles. The radial distribution of energy deposited from secondary electrons emitted from the nanoparticle was assumed symmetrical \cite{McMahon_2011}. The phase-space of secondary electrons was sampled on the GNP surface and the following energy deposits in the water volume surrounding the nanoparticle were histogrammed radially, putting the GNP at the origin, with a bin width of 1 nm up to a distance of 5000 nm. The simulated dose distribution profiles following a single ionizing event in water from a GNP of 2 nm of diameter are shown in figure \ref{radial_dose}, panel A.