Jim Fuller edited Rotation.tex  about 9 years ago

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However, rotation {\it can} strongly affect the modes in the core of a red giant. The breakup frequency evaluated near the H-burning shell of the model in Figure \ref{Fig:Struc} is $\nu_K {\rm (H-burn)} \sim 8 \times 10^3 \, \mu{\rm Hz} \gg \nu_{\rm max}$, and therefore the Coriolis force can have a strong influence on modes if the core of the star is rapidly rotating. Hence, rotation will only be important in the g-mode cavity of modes with frequencies near $\nu_{\rm max}$. This also requires very strong differential rotation between the core and envelope.  We can speculate on the effect of rotation on a dipole wave as it travels from a slowly rotating envelope to a rapidly rotating core. We will assume the rotation rate increases gradually such that a WKB analysis remains valid. In this case, the effects of rotation on the high order gravity waves is captured by the traditional approximation, in which the Coriolis force changes the gravity waves into Hough waves. The Hough waves are very similar to gravity waves except that their angular structure and radial wavelength are altered. When $\nu_s > \nu$, the angular structure of the dipole waves will be strongly altered, and the angular structure of the wave will be composed of a broad spectrum of angular degrees $\ell$. This spectrum generally depends on the $m$ value of the incoming wave, i.e., whether the incoming wave was axisymmetric, prograde, or retrogade relative to the spin. One key difference between the symmetry-breaking effects of rotation compared to a magnetic field is that rotation (in the WKB limit) will not generate an evanescent region. Therefore, the waves will not be reflected by rapidly rotating layers (although prograde waves may be absorbed at critical layers), and the waves will continue to propagate toward the center of the star as Hough waves. When they reflect near the center of the star, our WKB analysis breaks down. At this point, the waves may be reflected onto the same branch of Hough waves, or energy may be transferred to other Hough wave branches, or to inertial waves or Rossby waves.  \subsection{Problems with the Rotational Interpretation}