Christopher Berry Full paper in ApJ style  over 8 years ago

Commit id: 9bbf4e402b63ea19de1ed3870238d7dad8cabfeb

deletions | additions      

         

%%  %% $Log: apj.bst,v $  %% Revision 1.10 2013/03/11 13:01:55 alberto  %% Reworked code to use format.pid for articles without proper  %% pagination which then leads the system to use either an eprint  %% id or a DOI; this will solve most problems with citing early  %% access articles (no volume of page available, but online).  %% Removed bibliography count from preamble since it seems to  %% confuse some versions of latex.  %%   %% Revision 1.9 2013/2/19 Erik Tollerud   %% fixes for spurious error messages due to rev 1.8 changes  %% also fixed missing publisher field printing in "book"  %%  %% Revision 1.8 2013/01/10 16:31:34 alberto  %% Added proper formatting of arXiv eprint entries output by ADS  %% (thse are article records, but the eprint id is printed only   %% if no traditional page number is available). Also added support  %% for ASCL entries under the "misc" category.  %%  %% Revision 1.7 2011/11/21 13:10:12 alberto  %% Implemented new ApJ formatting rules: for papers with more than  %% 5 authors, print first 3 followed by "et al."  %%  %% Revision 1.6 2009/05/18 15:13:02 alberto  %% Fixed sorting of references with truncated lists of authors  %% in sort.format.names  %% Fix courtesy of Stephen Fegan   %%  %% Revision 1.5 2009/03/19 13:15:11 alberto  %% Truncate \bibitem entries with more than 8 authors.  %% Fix courtesy of Craig Wiegert   %% and Andrew R. Marble   %%  %% Revision 1.4 2002/06/18 16:37:48 alberto  %% Add comma after first author in two-author reference  %% Fix courtesy of Tim Robishaw   %%  %% Revision 1.3 2000/04/20 22:17:50 jbaker  %% Fixed INBOOK bug, now works essentially like BOOK.  %%  %% Revision 1.2 1998/08/30 22:35:45 jbaker  %% Added RCS keywords.  %%  %% 1998/08/12 J Baker  %% Tweaked by hand to get correct results for ApJ. Added functions from  %% astrobib.  %%  %% This is file `apj.bst',  %% generated with the docstrip utility.  %%  %% The original source files were:  %%  %% merlin.mbs (with options: `,ay,nat,nm-rev,nmdash,dt-beg,yr-per,note-yr,atit-u,jtit-x,jttl-rm,thtit-a,vnum-x,volp-com,jpg-1,pp-last,btit-rm,add-pub,pub-par,pre-edn,edby,edbyx,blk-com,fin-bare,ppx,ed,abr,ord,jabr,amper,em-x')  %% ----------------------------------------  %% *** Bibliographic Style for ApJ ***  %%   %-------------------------------------------------------------------  % The original source file contains the following version information:  % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[1998/02/25 3.85a (PWD)]  %  % NOTICE:  % This file may be used for non-profit purposes.  % It may not be distributed in exchange for money,  % other than distribution costs.  %  % The author provides it `as is' and does not guarantee it in any way.  %  % Copyright (C) 1994-98 Patrick W. Daly  %-------------------------------------------------------------------  % For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later  %-------------------------------------------------------------------  % This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH  % This is an author-year citation style bibliography. As such, it is  % non-standard LaTeX, and requires a special package file to function properly.  % Such a package is natbib.sty by Patrick W. Daly  % The form of the \bibitem entries is  % \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)]{key}...  % \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)Jones, Baker, and Smith]{key}...  % The essential feature is that the label (the part in brackets) consists  % of the author names, as they should appear in the citation, with the year  % in parentheses following. There must be no space before the opening  % parenthesis!  % With natbib v5.3, a full list of authors may also follow the year.  % In natbib.sty, it is possible to define the type of enclosures that is  % really wanted (brackets or parentheses), but in either case, there must  % be parentheses in the label.  % The \cite command functions as follows:  % \citet{key} ==>> Jones et al. (1990)  % \citet*{key} ==>> Jones, Baker, and Smith (1990)  % \citep{key} ==>> (Jones et al., 1990)  % \citep*{key} ==>> (Jones, Baker, and Smith, 1990)  % \citep[chap. 2]{key} ==>> (Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)  % \citep[e.g.][]{key} ==>> (e.g. Jones et al., 1990)  % \citep[e.g.][p. 32]{key} ==>> (e.g. Jones et al., p. 32)  % \citeauthor{key} ==>> Jones et al.  % \citeauthor*{key} ==>> Jones, Baker, and Smith  % \citeyear{key} ==>> 1990  %---------------------------------------------------------------------  ENTRY  { address  archivePrefix  author  booktitle  chapter  doi  edition  editor  eprint  howpublished  institution  journal  key  month  note  number  organization  pages  publisher  school  series  title  type  volume  year  }  {}  { label extra.label sort.label short.list }  INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }  FUNCTION {init.state.consts}  { #0 'before.all :=  #1 'mid.sentence :=  #2 'after.sentence :=  #3 'after.block :=  }  STRINGS { s t }  FUNCTION {output.nonnull}  { 's :=  output.state mid.sentence =  { ", " * write$ }  { output.state after.block =  { add.period$ write$  newline$  "\newblock " write$  }  { output.state before.all =  'write$  { add.period$ " " * write$ }  if$  }  if$  mid.sentence 'output.state :=  }  if$  s  }  FUNCTION {output}  { duplicate$ empty$  'pop$  'output.nonnull  if$  }  FUNCTION {output.check}  { 't :=  duplicate$ empty$  { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }  'output.nonnull  if$  }  FUNCTION {fin.entry}  { duplicate$ empty$  'pop$  'write$  if$  newline$  }  FUNCTION {new.block}  { output.state before.all =  'skip$  { after.block 'output.state := }  if$  }  FUNCTION {new.sentence}  { output.state after.block =  'skip$  { output.state before.all =  'skip$  { after.sentence 'output.state := }  if$  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {add.blank}  { " " * before.all 'output.state :=  }  FUNCTION {date.block}  {  skip$  }  FUNCTION {not}  { { #0 }  { #1 }  if$  }  FUNCTION {and}  { 'skip$  { pop$ #0 }  if$  }  FUNCTION {or}  { { pop$ #1 }  'skip$  if$  }  FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}  { empty$  swap$ empty$  and  'skip$  'new.block  if$  }  FUNCTION {field.or.null}  { duplicate$ empty$  { pop$ "" }  'skip$  if$  }  FUNCTION {emphasize}  { skip$ }  FUNCTION {capitalize}  { "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }  FUNCTION {space.word}  { " " swap$ * " " * }  % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.  % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.  % The language selected here is ENGLISH  FUNCTION {bbl.and}  { "and"}  FUNCTION {bbl.editors}  { "eds." }  FUNCTION {bbl.editor}  { "ed." }  FUNCTION {bbl.edby}  { "edited by" }  FUNCTION {bbl.edition}  { "edn." }  FUNCTION {bbl.volume}  { "Vol." }  FUNCTION {bbl.of}  { "of" }  FUNCTION {bbl.number}  { "no." }  FUNCTION {bbl.nr}  { "no." }  FUNCTION {bbl.in}  { "in" }  FUNCTION {bbl.pages}  { "" }  FUNCTION {bbl.page}  { "" }  FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}  { "Ch." }  %{ "chap." }  FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}  { "Tech. Rep." }  FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}  { "Master's thesis" }  FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}  { "PhD thesis" }  FUNCTION {bbl.first}  { "1st" }  FUNCTION {bbl.second}  { "2nd" }  FUNCTION {bbl.third}  { "3rd" }  FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}  { "4th" }  FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}  { "5th" }  FUNCTION {bbl.st}  { "st" }  FUNCTION {bbl.nd}  { "nd" }  FUNCTION {bbl.rd}  { "rd" }  FUNCTION {bbl.th}  { "th" }  MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}  MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}  MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}  MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}  MACRO {may} {"May"}  MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}  MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}  MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}  MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}  MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}  MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}  MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}  FUNCTION {eng.ord}  { duplicate$ "1" swap$ *  #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =  { bbl.th * }  { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$  duplicate$ "1" =  { pop$ bbl.st * }  { duplicate$ "2" =  { pop$ bbl.nd * }  { "3" =  { bbl.rd * }  { bbl.th * }  if$  }  if$  }  if$  }  if$  }  INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames numtrunc }  FUNCTION {format.names}  { 's :=  #0 'numtrunc :=  #1 'nameptr :=  s num.names$ 'numnames :=  numnames 'namesleft :=  numnames #5 >   { #3 'numtrunc := }  {}  if$  { namesleft #0 > }  { s nameptr  "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$  't :=  nameptr #1 >  {  nameptr #1 - numtrunc =   {   #1 'namesleft :=  "others" 't :=  }  {}  if$  namesleft #1 >  { ", " * t * }  {  numnames #1 >  { "," * }  'skip$  if$  s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =  { 't := }  { pop$ }  if$  t "others" =  {  " {et~al.}" *  }  { " \& " * t * }  if$  }  if$  }  't  if$  nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=  namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=  }  while$  }  FUNCTION {format.names.ed}  { 's :=  #1 'nameptr :=  s num.names$ 'numnames :=  numnames 'namesleft :=  { namesleft #0 > }  { s nameptr  "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}"  format.name$  't :=  nameptr #1 >  {  namesleft #1 >  { ", " * t * }  {  numnames #2 >  { "," * }  'skip$  if$  s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =  { 't := }  { pop$ }  if$  t "others" =  {  " {et~al.}" *  }  { " \& " * t * }  if$  }  if$  }  't  if$  nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=  namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=  }  while$  }  FUNCTION {format.key}  { empty$  { key field.or.null }  { "" }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.authors}  { author empty$  { "" }  { author format.names }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.editors}  { editor empty$  { "" }  { editor format.names  editor num.names$ #1 >  { ", " * bbl.editors * }  { ", " * bbl.editor * }  if$  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.in.editors}  { editor empty$  { "" }  { editor format.names.ed  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.note}  { note empty$  { "" }  { note #1 #1 substring$  duplicate$ "{" =  'skip$  { output.state mid.sentence =  { "l" }  { "u" }  if$  change.case$  }  if$  note #2 global.max$ substring$ *  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.title}  { title empty$  { "" }  { title  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.full.names}  {'s :=  #1 'nameptr :=  s num.names$ 'numnames :=  numnames 'namesleft :=  { namesleft #0 > }  { s nameptr  "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$  't :=  nameptr #1 >  {  namesleft #1 >  { ", " * t * }  {  numnames #2 >  { "," * }  'skip$  if$  s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =  { 't := }  { pop$ }  if$  t "others" =  {  " {et~al.}" *  }  { " \& " * t * }  if$  }  if$  }  't  if$  nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=  namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=  }  while$  }  FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full}  { author empty$  { editor empty$  { key empty$  { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }  'key  if$  }  { editor format.full.names }  if$  }  { author format.full.names }  if$  }  FUNCTION {author.key.full}  { author empty$  { key empty$  { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }  'key  if$  }  { author format.full.names }  if$  }  FUNCTION {editor.key.full}  { editor empty$  { key empty$  { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }  'key  if$  }  { editor format.full.names }  if$  }  FUNCTION {make.full.names}  { type$ "book" =  type$ "inbook" =  or  'author.editor.key.full  { type$ "proceedings" =  'editor.key.full  'author.key.full  if$  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {output.bibitem}  { newline$  "\bibitem[{" write$  label write$  ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =  { pop$ }  { * }  if$  "}]{" * write$  cite$ write$  "}" write$  newline$  ""  before.all 'output.state :=  }  FUNCTION {format.doi}  { doi empty$  { "" }  { "doi:" doi * }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.eprint}  { eprint empty$  { "" }  { archivePrefix empty$  { "" }  { archivePrefix ":" * }  if$  eprint field.or.null  *  }  if$  }  % Formats a persistent identifier (PID)  % (typically a DOI or an eprint id)  % You can easily swap the order of which PID  % gets picked  %  FUNCTION {format.pid}  { eprint empty$  { format.doi }  { format.eprint }  if$  }  FUNCTION {n.dashify}  {  't :=  ""  { t empty$ not }  { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =  { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not  { "--" *  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=  }  { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }  { "-" *  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=  }  while$  }  if$  }  { t #1 #1 substring$ *  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=  }  if$  }  while$  }  FUNCTION {word.in}  { bbl.in  " " * }  FUNCTION {format.date}  { year duplicate$ empty$  { "empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$  pop$ "????" }  'skip$  if$  extra.label *  before.all 'output.state :=  after.sentence 'output.state :=  }  FUNCTION {format.btitle}  { title  }  FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}  { duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <  { "~" }  { " " }  if$  swap$ * *  }  FUNCTION {either.or.check}  { empty$  'pop$  { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.bvolume}  { volume empty$  { "" }  { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect  series empty$  'skip$  { bbl.of space.word * series emphasize * }  if$  "volume and number" number either.or.check  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.number.series}  { volume empty$  { number empty$  { series field.or.null }  { output.state mid.sentence =  { bbl.number }  { bbl.number capitalize }  if$  number tie.or.space.connect  series empty$  { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }  { bbl.in space.word * series * }  if$  }  if$  }  { "" }  if$  }  FUNCTION {is.num}  { chr.to.int$  duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not  swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and  }  FUNCTION {extract.num}  { duplicate$ 't :=  "" 's :=  { t empty$ not }  { t #1 #1 substring$  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=  duplicate$ is.num  { s swap$ * 's := }  { pop$ "" 't := }  if$  }  while$  s empty$  'skip$  { pop$ s }  if$  }  FUNCTION {convert.edition}  { edition extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=  s "first" = s "1" = or  { bbl.first 't := }  { s "second" = s "2" = or  { bbl.second 't := }  { s "third" = s "3" = or  { bbl.third 't := }  { s "fourth" = s "4" = or  { bbl.fourth 't := }  { s "fifth" = s "5" = or  { bbl.fifth 't := }  { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num  { s eng.ord 't := }  { edition 't := }  if$  }  if$  }  if$  }  if$  }  if$  }  if$  t  }  FUNCTION {format.edition}  { edition empty$  { "" }  { output.state mid.sentence =  { convert.edition "l" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }  { convert.edition "t" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }  if$  }  if$  }  INTEGERS { multiresult }  FUNCTION {multi.page.check}  { 't :=  #0 'multiresult :=  { multiresult not  t empty$ not  and  }  { t #1 #1 substring$  duplicate$ "-" =  swap$ duplicate$ "," =  swap$ "+" =  or or  { #1 'multiresult := }  { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }  if$  }  while$  multiresult  }  FUNCTION {format.pages}  { pages empty$  { "" }  { pages multi.page.check  % { bbl.pages pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }  % { bbl.page pages tie.or.space.connect }  { pages n.dashify }  { pages }  if$  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {first.page}  { 't :=  ""  { t empty$ not t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = not and }  { t #1 #1 substring$ *  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=  }  while$  }  FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}  { pages empty$  'skip$  { duplicate$ empty$  { pop$ format.pages }  {  ", " *  pages first.page *  }  if$  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}  { volume field.or.null  }  FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}  { chapter empty$  { "" }  { type empty$  { bbl.chapter }  { type "l" change.case$ }  if$  chapter tie.or.space.connect  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}  { booktitle empty$  { "" }  { editor empty$  { word.in booktitle emphasize * }  { word.in booktitle emphasize *  ", " *  editor num.names$ #1 >  { bbl.editors }  { bbl.editor }  if$  * " " *  format.in.editors *  }  if$  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}  { type empty$  'skip$  { pop$  type "t" change.case$  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.tr.number}  { type empty$  { bbl.techrep }  'type  if$  number empty$  { "t" change.case$ }  { number tie.or.space.connect }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}  {  word.in  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *  }  FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}  { volume empty$  { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$  word.in  }  { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect  bbl.of space.word *  }  if$  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *  }  FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}  {  word.in  " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *  }  FUNCTION {format.publisher}  { publisher empty$  { "empty publisher in " cite$ * warning$ }  'skip$  if$  ""  address empty$ publisher empty$ and  'skip$  {  add.blank "(" *  address empty$  'skip$  { address * }  if$  publisher empty$  'skip$  { address empty$  'skip$  { ": " * }  if$  publisher *  }  if$  ")" *  }  if$  output  }  STRINGS {oldname}  FUNCTION {name.or.dash}  { 's :=  oldname empty$  { s 'oldname := s }  { s oldname =  { "---" }  { s 'oldname := s }  if$  }  if$  }  %%%%%%%% Functions added from astrobib  FUNCTION {format.edn.btitle} % Title should be on stack.  { duplicate$ empty$ edition empty$ or  'skip$  { ", " * format.edition * }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.ed.booktitle} % The title should be on the stack.  { duplicate$ empty$  { "no book title in " cite$ * warning$ "" pop$ }  { editor empty$  author empty$ or % Empty author means editor already given.  'format.edn.btitle  { format.edn.btitle ", " * bbl.editor * " " * format.in.editors * }  if$  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.full.book.spec} % The title should be on the stack.  { series empty$  { format.ed.booktitle  volume empty$  { number empty$  'skip$  { " there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$  " No." number tie.or.space.connect * }  if$  }  { ", Vol." volume tie.or.space.connect *  number empty$  'skip$  {"Both volume and number fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }  if$  }  if$  }  { volume empty$  { format.ed.booktitle ", " * series *  number empty$  'skip$  { " No." number tie.or.space.connect * }  if$  }  { series ", Vol." volume tie.or.space.connect *   ", " * swap$ format.ed.booktitle *  number empty$  'skip$  {"Both volume and number fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }  if$  }  if$  }  if$  }  %%%%%%% End of functions from astrobib  FUNCTION {article}  { output.bibitem  format.authors "author" output.check  author format.key output  name.or.dash  format.date "year" output.check  date.block  crossref missing$  { journal  "journal" output.check  format.vol.num.pages output  }  { format.article.crossref output.nonnull  format.pages output  }  if$  pages empty$  { format.pid output }  { format.journal.pages }  if$  format.note output  fin.entry  }  FUNCTION {book}  { output.bibitem  author empty$  { format.editors "author and editor" output.check  editor format.key output  name.or.dash  }  { format.authors output.nonnull  name.or.dash  crossref missing$  { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }  'skip$  if$  }  if$  format.date "year" output.check  date.block  title format.full.book.spec output  % format.btitle "title" output.check  % crossref missing$  % { format.bvolume output  % format.number.series output  % format.edition output  format.publisher  % }  % {  % format.book.crossref output.nonnull  % }  % if$  format.pages output  format.note output  format.pid output  fin.entry  }  FUNCTION {booklet}  { output.bibitem  format.authors output  author format.key output  name.or.dash  format.date "year" output.check  date.block  format.title "title" output.check  howpublished output  address output  format.note output  format.pid output  fin.entry  }  FUNCTION {inbook}  { output.bibitem  author empty$  { format.editors "author and editor" output.check  editor format.key output  name.or.dash  }  { format.authors output.nonnull  name.or.dash  crossref missing$  { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }  'skip$  if$  }  if$  format.date "year" output.check  date.block  title format.full.book.spec output  % format.btitle "title" output.check  % crossref missing$  % {  % format.bvolume output  % format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check  % format.number.series output  % format.edition output  format.publisher  % }  % {  % format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check  % format.book.crossref output.nonnull  % }  % if$  format.pages "pages" output.check  format.note output  fin.entry  }  FUNCTION {incollection}  { output.bibitem  format.authors "author" output.check  author format.key output  name.or.dash  format.date "year" output.check  date.block  bbl.in " " * booktitle format.full.book.spec * output  % crossref missing$  % { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check  % format.bvolume output  % format.number.series output  % format.edition output  % format.chapter.pages output  format.publisher  % }  % { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull  % format.chapter.pages output  % }  % if$  format.pages "pages" output.check  format.note output  fin.entry  }  FUNCTION {inproceedings}  { output.bibitem  format.authors "author" output.check  author format.key output % added  format.date "year" output.check  date.block  bbl.in " " * booktitle format.full.book.spec * output  % crossref missing$  % { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check  % format.bvolume output  % format.number.series output  publisher empty$  { organization output  address output  }  { organization output  format.publisher  }  if$  % }  % { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull  % }  % if$  format.pages output  format.note output  fin.entry  }  FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }  FUNCTION {manual}  { output.bibitem  format.authors output  author format.key output  name.or.dash  format.date "year" output.check  date.block  format.btitle "title" output.check  format.edition output  organization output  address output  format.note output  format.pid output  fin.entry  }  FUNCTION {mastersthesis}  { output.bibitem  format.authors "author" output.check  author format.key output  name.or.dash  format.date "year" output.check  date.block  % format.title "title" output.check  bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull  school "school" output.check  address output  format.note output  format.pid output  fin.entry  }  FUNCTION {misc}  { output.bibitem  format.authors output  author format.key output  name.or.dash  format.date "year" output.check  date.block  format.title output  howpublished output  format.note output  format.pid output  fin.entry  }  FUNCTION {phdthesis}  { output.bibitem  format.authors "author" output.check  author format.key output  name.or.dash  format.date "year" output.check  date.block  % format.title "title" output.check  bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull  school "school" output.check  address output  format.note output  format.pid output  fin.entry  }  FUNCTION {proceedings}  { output.bibitem  editor empty$  { organization output  organization format.key output }  { format.editors output }  if$  % format.editors output  % editor format.key output  name.or.dash  format.date "year" output.check  date.block  title format.full.book.spec output  % format.btitle "title" output.check  % format.bvolume output  % format.number.series output  publisher empty$ not % No need for warning if no pub.  { format.publisher }  { editor empty$ % For empty editor, organization was already given.  'skip$  { organization output }  if$  address output  }  if$  % address output  % organization output  % publisher output  format.pages output  format.note output  fin.entry  }  FUNCTION {techreport}  { output.bibitem  format.authors "author" output.check  author format.key output  name.or.dash  format.date "year" output.check  date.block  format.title "title" output.check  format.tr.number output.nonnull  institution "institution" output.check  address output  format.note output  format.pid output  fin.entry  }  FUNCTION {unpublished}  { output.bibitem  format.authors "author" output.check  author format.key output  name.or.dash  format.date "year" output.check  date.block  % format.title "title" output.check  format.note "note" output.check  format.pid output  fin.entry  }  FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }  READ  FUNCTION {sortify}  { purify$  "l" change.case$  }  INTEGERS { len }  FUNCTION {chop.word}  { 's :=  'len :=  s #1 len substring$ =  { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }  's  if$  }  FUNCTION {format.lab.names}  { 's :=  s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$  s num.names$ duplicate$  #2 >  { pop$  " {et~al.}" *  }  { #2 <  'skip$  { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =  {  " {et~al.}" *  }  { " \& " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$  * }  if$  }  if$  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {author.key.label}  { author empty$  { key empty$  { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }  'key  if$  }  { author format.lab.names }  if$  }  FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}  { author empty$  { editor empty$  { key empty$  { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }  'key  if$  }  { editor format.lab.names }  if$  }  { author format.lab.names }  if$  }  FUNCTION {editor.key.label}  { editor empty$  { key empty$  { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }  'key  if$  }  { editor format.lab.names }  if$  }  FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}  { type$ "book" =  type$ "inbook" =  or  'author.editor.key.label  { type$ "proceedings" =  'editor.key.label  'author.key.label  if$  }  if$  'short.list :=  }  FUNCTION {calc.label}  { calc.short.authors  short.list  "("  *  year duplicate$ empty$  { pop$ "????" }  'skip$  if$  *  'label :=  }  FUNCTION {sort.format.names}  { 's :=  #1 'nameptr :=  ""  s num.names$ 'numnames :=  numnames #8 >  { s nameptr  "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}"  format.name$ 't :=  t sortify *  " " *  "zzzzz" *  }  { numnames 'namesleft :=  { namesleft #0 > }  { s nameptr  "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}"  format.name$ 't :=  nameptr #1 >  {  " " *  namesleft #1 = t "others" = and  { "zzzzz" * }  { t sortify * }  if$  }  { t sortify * }  if$  nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=  namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=  }  while$  }  if$  }  FUNCTION {sort.format.title}  { 't :=  "A " #2  "An " #3  "The " #4 t chop.word  chop.word  chop.word  sortify  #1 global.max$ substring$  }  FUNCTION {author.sort}  { author empty$  { key empty$  { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$  ""  }  { key sortify }  if$  }  { author sort.format.names }  if$  }  FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}  { author empty$  { editor empty$  { key empty$  { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$  ""  }  { key sortify }  if$  }  { editor sort.format.names }  if$  }  { author sort.format.names }  if$  }  FUNCTION {editor.sort}  { editor empty$  { key empty$  { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$  ""  }  { key sortify }  if$  }  { editor sort.format.names }  if$  }  FUNCTION {presort}  { calc.label  label sortify  " "  *  type$ "book" =  type$ "inbook" =  or  'author.editor.sort  { type$ "proceedings" =  'editor.sort  'author.sort  if$  }  if$  #1 entry.max$ substring$  'sort.label :=  sort.label  *  " "  *  title field.or.null  sort.format.title  *  #1 entry.max$ substring$  'sort.key$ :=  }  ITERATE {presort}  SORT  STRINGS { last.label next.extra }  INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label }  FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}  { #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=  "" 'next.extra :=  #0 'last.extra.num :=  #0 'number.label :=  }  FUNCTION {forward.pass}  { last.label label =  { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=  last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=  }  { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=  "" 'extra.label :=  label 'last.label :=  }  if$  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=  }  FUNCTION {reverse.pass}  { next.extra "b" =  { "a" 'extra.label := }  'skip$  if$  extra.label 'next.extra :=  extra.label  duplicate$ empty$  'skip$  { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }  if$  'extra.label :=  label extra.label * 'label :=  }  EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}  ITERATE {forward.pass}  REVERSE {reverse.pass}  FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}  { sort.label  " "  *  year field.or.null sortify  *  " "  *  title field.or.null  sort.format.title  *  #1 entry.max$ substring$  'sort.key$ :=  }  ITERATE {bib.sort.order}  SORT  FUNCTION {begin.bib}  { preamble$ empty$  'skip$  { preamble$ write$ newline$ }  if$  % "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *  "\begin{thebibliography}{}"  write$ newline$  "\expandafter\ifx\csname natexlab\endcsname\relax\def\natexlab#1{#1}\fi"  write$ newline$  }  EXECUTE {begin.bib}  EXECUTE {init.state.consts}  ITERATE {call.type$}  FUNCTION {end.bib}  { newline$  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$  }  EXECUTE {end.bib}  %% End of customized bst file  %%  %% End of file `apj.bst'.           

% Wed Dec 4 20:36:44 1996  % Alexey Vikhlinin   % Maxim Markevitch   % This is a style file to use Times fonts for text and math, using CM versions  % for greek letters and math symbols. Works for both LaTeX2e and older LaTeX  % 2.09.   %   % Report any bugs or problems to [email protected]  %  % Nov 4 2003: \AA was broken because of redefinition of \r  %  \@ifundefined{documentclass}{  %% This part is used with Latex 2.09. No boldface. The part for Latex2e is  %% below.  % latex style with times roman text and times italic math (MM)  % plain text:  \def\@mrm{unmr}% times - roman, version Nimbus  \def\@mit{ptmri}% times - italic  \def\@msl{ptmro}% times - oblique  \def\@mbf{ptmb}% times - bold  \def\@mcsc{ptmrc}% times - roman - small caps  \def\@mtt{pcrr}% courier  \def\@mss{phvr}% helvetica  % math text font:  \font\twfvmi = ptmri at 25pt  \font\twtymi = ptmri at 20pt  \font\svtnmi = ptmri at 17pt  \font\frtnmi = ptmri at 14pt  \font\twlmi = ptmri at 12pt  \font\elvmi = ptmri at 11pt  \font\tenmi = ptmri at 10pt  \font\ninmi = ptmri at 9pt  \font\egtmi = ptmri at 8pt  \font\sevmi = ptmri at 7pt  \font\sixmi = ptmri at 6pt  \font\fivmi = ptmri at 5pt   % math symbol font (Symbol from ctan/fonts/psfonts/adobe/times)   % reencoded by texmital.enc):  %\font\twfvcmmi = zpsycmrv at 25pt  %\font\twtycmmi = zpsycmrv at 20pt  %\font\svtncmmi = zpsycmrv at 17pt  %\font\frtncmmi = zpsycmrv at 14pt  %\font\twlcmmi = zpsycmrv at 12pt  %\font\elvcmmi = zpsycmrv at 11pt  %\font\tencmmi = zpsycmrv at 10pt  %\font\nincmmi = zpsycmrv at 9pt   %\font\egtcmmi = zpsycmrv at 8pt   %\font\sevcmmi = zpsycmrv at 7pt   %\font\sixcmmi = zpsycmrv at 6pt   %\font\fivcmmi = zpsycmrv at 5pt   % cmmi greek is better:  \font\twfvcmmi = cmmi10 at 25pt  \font\twtycmmi = cmmi10 at 20pt  \font\svtncmmi = cmmi10 at 17pt  \font\frtncmmi = cmmi10 at 14pt  \font\twlcmmi = cmmi10 at 12pt  \font\elvcmmi = cmmi10 at 11pt  \font\tencmmi = cmmi10 at 10pt  \font\nincmmi = cmmi9  \font\egtcmmi = cmmi8  \font\sevcmmi = cmmi7  \font\sixcmmi = cmmi6  \font\fivcmmi = cmmi5  %%% these are pieces from dvips/contrib/timesmat.sty:  % Put cmmi back into TeX, as a new maths alphabet, so that we  % can get back the Greek & other characters missing in Times.  % (MM: I found experimantally that textfont9 is the first unused font)  \def\@tempa{9}  % Tell TeX where cmmi is.  % Assumes \@ptsize is defined by article, report, book  \ifcase \@ptsize  \textfont\@tempa\tencmmi  \scriptfont\@tempa\sevcmmi  \scriptscriptfont\@tempa\fivcmmi  \or  \textfont\@tempa\elvcmmi  \scriptfont\@tempa\sevcmmi  \scriptscriptfont\@tempa\fivcmmi  \or  \textfont\@tempa\twlcmmi  \scriptfont\@tempa\egtcmmi  \scriptscriptfont\@tempa\sixcmmi  \fi  % cmmi and Times-italic have different positions for some punctuation marks  %% (MM: this may be replaced by re-encoding times-italic by texmital.enc)  % \mathcode`\ ="8000 % \space  % \mathcode`\!="5021  % \mathcode`\'="8000 % ^\prime  % \mathcode`\(="4028  % \mathcode`\)="5029  % \mathcode`\*="22.4 % \ast  % \mathcode`\+="202B  \mathcode`\,="602C  % \mathcode`\-="2200  \mathcode`\.="002E  \mathcode`\/="002F  % \mathcode`\:="303A  % \mathcode`\;="603B  \mathcode`\<="303C  % \mathcode`\=="303D  \mathcode`\>="303E  % \mathcode`\?="503F  % \mathcode`\[="405B  % \mathcode`\\="026E % \backslash  % \mathcode`\]="505D  % \mathcode`\_="8000 % \_  % \mathcode`\{="4266  % \mathcode`\|="026A  % \mathcode`\}="5267  \mathchardef\ldotp="602E % ldot as a punctuation mark  % Put back the missing lowercase Greek characters.  \mathchardef\alpha="0\@tempa 0B  \mathchardef\beta="0\@tempa 0C  \mathchardef\gamma="0\@tempa 0D  \mathchardef\delta="0\@tempa 0E  \mathchardef\epsilon="0\@tempa 0F  \mathchardef\zeta="0\@tempa 10  \mathchardef\eta="0\@tempa 11  \mathchardef\theta="0\@tempa 12  \mathchardef\iota="0\@tempa 13  \mathchardef\kappa="0\@tempa 14  \mathchardef\lambda="0\@tempa 15  \mathchardef\mu="0\@tempa 16  \mathchardef\nu="0\@tempa 17  \mathchardef\xi="0\@tempa 18  \mathchardef\pi="0\@tempa 19  \mathchardef\rho="0\@tempa 1A  \mathchardef\sigma="0\@tempa 1B  \mathchardef\tau="0\@tempa 1C  \mathchardef\upsilon="0\@tempa 1D  \mathchardef\phi="0\@tempa 1E  \mathchardef\chi="0\@tempa 1F  \mathchardef\psi="0\@tempa 20  \mathchardef\omega="0\@tempa 21  \mathchardef\varepsilon="0\@tempa 22  \mathchardef\vartheta="0\@tempa 23  \mathchardef\varpi="0\@tempa 24  \mathchardef\varrho="0\@tempa 25  \mathchardef\varsigma="0\@tempa 26  \mathchardef\varphi="0\@tempa 27  % Put back other missing characters.  \mathchardef\imath="0110  \mathchardef\jmath="0\@tempa 7C  \mathchardef\ell="0\@tempa 60  \mathchardef\wp="0\@tempa 7D  \mathchardef\partial="0\@tempa 40  \mathchardef\flat="0\@tempa 5B  \mathchardef\natural="0\@tempa 5C  \mathchardef\sharp="0\@tempa 5D  \mathchardef\smile="3\@tempa 5E  \mathchardef\frown="3\@tempa 5F  \mathchardef\leftharpoonup="3\@tempa 28  \mathchardef\leftharpoondown="3\@tempa 29  \mathchardef\rightharpoonup="3\@tempa 2A  \mathchardef\rightharpoondown="3\@tempa 2B  \mathchardef\lhook="3\@tempa 2C \def\hookrightarrow{\lhook\joinrel\rightarrow}  \mathchardef\rhook="3\@tempa 2D \def\hookleftarrow{\leftarrow\joinrel\rhook}  \mathchardef\star="2\@tempa 3F  \mathchardef\vecMC="0\@tempa 7E  \def\vec{\mathaccent\the\vecMC }  \input psfonts.sty  \input psgreek.sty  }  %  % This is LaTeX2e style by Alexey Vikhlinin to mix Times for text and math  % and CM for greek and symbols.  %  %  %  %  %  {  \def\fileversion{5.2}  \def\filedate{1995/08/16}  \def\docdate {1995/03/12}  \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}  \ProvidesPackage{apjfonts}[\filedate{} Times + math package]  \let\rold\r  \def\AA{\rold A}  \RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc} \let\r\relax  \DeclareOption{onecolumn}{  \relax % this style is often used as \usepackage{emulateapj,timesfonts}  }  \ExecuteOptions{}  \ProcessOptions  \renewcommand{\sfdefault}{phv}  \renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ptm}  \renewcommand{\ttdefault}{pcr}  \DeclareSymbolFont{cmoperators} {OT1}{cmr}{m}{n}  \DeclareSymbolFont{cmitoperators} {OT1}{cmr}{m}{it}  \DeclareSymbolFont{operators} {OT1}{ptm}{m}{n}  %\DeclareSymbolFont{ptmoperators} {OT1}{ptmcm}{m}{n}  \DeclareSymbolFont{letters} {OML}{ptmcm}{m}{it}  %\DeclareSymbolFont{rusletters} {OML}{petersburg}{m}{it}  \DeclareSymbolFont{ptmletters} {OML}{ptmcm}{m}{it}  \DeclareSymbolFont{cmletters} {OML}{cmm}{m}{it}  \DeclareSymbolFont{symbols} {OMS}{cmsy}{m}{n}  \DeclareSymbolFont{ptmsymbols} {U}{psy}{m}{n}  \DeclareSymbolFont{largesymbols} {OMX}{cmex}{m}{n}  \DeclareSymbolFont{bold} {OT1}{ptm}{bx}{n}  \DeclareSymbolFont{italic} {OT1}{ptm}{m}{it}  \SetSymbolFont{cmoperators} {bold}{OT1}{cmr}{b}{n}  \SetSymbolFont{cmitoperators} {bold}{OT1}{cmr}{bx}{it}  \SetSymbolFont{operators} {bold}{OT1}{ptm}{bx}{n}  %\SetSymbolFont{ptmoperators} {bold}{OT1}{ptmCM}{b}{n}  \SetSymbolFont{letters} {bold}{OML}{ptmCM}{b}{it}  %\SetSymbolFont{rusletters} {bold}{OML}{petersburg}{bx}{it}  \SetSymbolFont{ptmletters} {bold}{OML}{ptmCM}{b}{it}  \SetSymbolFont{cmletters} {bold}{OML}{cmm}{b}{it}  \SetSymbolFont{symbols} {bold}{OMS}{cmsy}{b}{n}  \SetSymbolFont{largesymbols} {bold}{OMX}{cmex}{m}{n}  \SetSymbolFont{bold} {bold}{OT1}{ptm}{bx}{n}  \SetSymbolFont{italic} {bold}{OT1}{ptm}{b}{it}  \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathbf}{OT1}{ptm}{bx}{n}  \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathit}{OT1}{ptm}{m}{it}  \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathbit}{OT1}{ptm}{bx}{it}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\omicron}{0}{operators}{`\o}  \thinmuskip=2mu   \medmuskip=2.5mu plus 1mu minus 1mu  \thickmuskip=4mu plus 1.5mu minus 1mu  % \everydisplay {\thinmuskip=2mu \medmuskip=2.5mu plus 1mu minus 1mu%  % \thickmuskip=4mu plus 1.5mu minus 1mu}  % \thinmuskip=2mu   % \medmuskip=2mu minus 1mu  % \thickmuskip=2mu minus 1mu  % % \def\boldmath{%  % % \@warning{there is no bold Symbol font}%  % % \global\let\boldmath=\relax  % % }  %\DeclareMathSymbol{/} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'075}  %\DeclareMathSymbol{=} {\mathrel}{cmoperators}{'075}  %\DeclareMathSymbol{+} {\mathbin}{cmoperators}{'053}  %\DeclareMathSymbol{(} {\mathopen}{cmoperators}{'050}  %\DeclareMathSymbol{)} {\mathclose}{cmoperators}{'051}  %\DeclareMathSymbol{>} {\mathrel}{ptmsymbols}{62}  %\DeclareMathSymbol{<} {\mathrel}{ptmsymbols}{60}  \DeclareMathSymbol{-} {\mathbin}{ptmsymbols}{45}  \DeclareMathSymbol{+} {\mathbin}{ptmsymbols}{43}  %\DeclareMathSymbol{/} {\mathord}{ptmsymbols}{164}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\alpha} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'013}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\beta} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'014}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\gamma} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'015}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\delta} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'016}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\epsilon} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'017}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\zeta} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'020}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\eta} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'021}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\theta} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'022}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\iota} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'023}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\kappa} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'024}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\lambda} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'025}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\mu} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'026}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\nu} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'027}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\xi} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'030}  %%% \DeclareMathSymbol{o} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'157}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\pi} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'031}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\rho} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'032}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\sigma} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'033}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\tau} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'034}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\upsilon} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'035}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\phi} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'036}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\chi} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'037}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\psi} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'040}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\omega} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'041}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\varepsilon} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'042}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\vartheta} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'043}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\varomega} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'044}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\varrho} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'045}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\varsigma} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'046}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\varphi} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'047}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\partial} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'100}  % Partial - from russian fonts  % \DeclareMathSymbol{\partial} {\mathord}{rusletters}{"C4} % correct for WIN  % enc + reencoding  \DeclareMathSymbol{\ell} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'140}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\ell} {\mathord}{cmletters}{'140}  \def\hbar{{\raise-0.15truept\hbox{$\mkern-0.5mu\barbar$}\mkern-8.5muh}}  \DeclareMathSymbol\Gamma {\mathord}{cmoperators}{"00}  \DeclareMathSymbol\Delta {\mathord}{cmoperators}{"01}  \DeclareMathSymbol\Theta {\mathord}{cmoperators}{"02}  \DeclareMathSymbol\Lambda {\mathord}{cmoperators}{"03}  \DeclareMathSymbol\Xi {\mathord}{cmoperators}{"04}  \DeclareMathSymbol\Pi {\mathord}{cmoperators}{"05}  \DeclareMathSymbol\Sigma {\mathord}{cmoperators}{"06}  \DeclareMathSymbol\Upsilon {\mathord}{cmoperators}{"07}  \DeclareMathSymbol\Phi {\mathord}{cmoperators}{"08}  \DeclareMathSymbol\Psi {\mathord}{cmoperators}{"09}  \DeclareMathSymbol\Omega {\mathord}{cmoperators}{"0A}  \DeclareMathSymbol\varGamma {\mathord}{cmletters}{"00}  \DeclareMathSymbol\varDelta {\mathord}{cmletters}{"01}  \DeclareMathSymbol\varTheta {\mathord}{cmletters}{"02}  \DeclareMathSymbol\varLambda {\mathord}{cmletters}{"03}  \DeclareMathSymbol\varXi {\mathord}{cmletters}{"04}  \DeclareMathSymbol\varPi {\mathord}{cmletters}{"05}  \DeclareMathSymbol\varSigma {\mathord}{cmletters}{"06}  \DeclareMathSymbol\varUpsilon {\mathord}{cmletters}{"07}  \DeclareMathSymbol\varPhi {\mathord}{cmletters}{"08}  \DeclareMathSymbol\varPsi {\mathord}{cmletters}{"09}  \DeclareMathSymbol\varOmega {\mathord}{cmletters}{"0A}  \DeclareMathAccent{\acute} {\mathalpha}{cmoperators}{'023}  \DeclareMathAccent{\bar} {\mathalpha}{cmoperators}{'026}  \DeclareMathAccent{\breve} {\mathalpha}{cmoperators}{'025}  \DeclareMathAccent{\check} {\mathalpha}{cmoperators}{'024}  \DeclareMathAccent{\ddot} {\mathalpha}{cmitoperators}{'177}  \DeclareMathAccent{\dot} {\mathalpha}{cmitoperators}{'137}  \DeclareMathAccent{\grave} {\mathalpha}{cmoperators}{'022}  \DeclareMathAccent{\hat} {\mathalpha}{cmoperators}{'136}  \DeclareMathAccent{\tild} {\mathalpha}{cmoperators}{'176}  \DeclareMathAccent{\vec} {\mathord} {cmletters} {"7E}  \DeclareMathSymbol{\barbar} {\mathalpha}{cmoperators}{'026}  }  \endinput           

\author{Ben Farr\altaffilmark{1}}  \email{[email protected]}  \author{Christopher P.\ L.\ Berry\altaffilmark{2}}  \author{Will M.\ Farr\altaffilmark{2}}  \author{Carl-Johan Haster\altaffilmark{2}}  \author{Hannah Middleton\altaffilmark{2}}  \author{Kipp Cannon\altaffilmark{3}}  \author{Philip B.\ Graff\altaffilmark{4,5}}  \author{Chad Hanna\altaffilmark{6}}  \author{Ilya Mandel\altaffilmark{2}}   \author{Chris Pankow\altaffilmark{7}}  \author{Larry R.\ Price\altaffilmark{8}}  \author{Trevor Sidery\altaffilmark{2}}  \author{Leo P.\ Singer\altaffilmark{9}}  \author{Alex L.\ Urban\altaffilmark{7}}   \author{Alberto Vecchio\altaffilmark{2}}   \author{John Veitch\altaffilmark{2}}   \author{Salvatore Vitale\altaffilmark{10}}  \altaffiltext{1}{Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA}  \altaffiltext{2}{School of Physics \& Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK}  \altaffiltext{3}{Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, 60 St. George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H8, Canada}  \altaffiltext{4}{Department of Physics, University of Maryland--College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA}  \altaffiltext{5}{Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA}  \altaffiltext{6}{The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA}  \altaffiltext{7}{Leonard E.\ Parker Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin--Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA}  \altaffiltext{8}{LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA}  \altaffiltext{9}{Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA}  \altaffiltext{10}{Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 185 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA}           

%% This is emulateapj.cls, version Aug 17, 2012  %% For the latest version check http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~alexey/emulateapj  %%  %% NOTE: ApJ has moved its publishing to IOP and they have slightly changed  %% the formatting. To implement these changes, call emulateapj with the iop  %% option, as in  %% \usepackage[iop]{emulateapj}  %%  %% Other available options:  %%  %% [chicago] - (default) typeset as was done in the University of Chicago Press  %% [twocolumn] - (default) two-column mode  %% [onecolumn] - main text in one-column mode  %% [apj] - typeset as for main journal  %% [apjl] - (default) typeset as for ApJ Letters   %% [tighten] - some adjustments to approximate grid typesetting  %% [numberedappendix] - number appendix sections as A, B, etc  %% [appendixfloats] - use separate numbering for floats within appendix  %% [twocolappendix] - make appendix in two-col mode in a two-col paper  %% [revtex4] - force using revtex4  %%  %% NOTE 2: Starting from version 11/10/2009, emulateapj tries to load  %% revtex4-1 if present on the system. This may cause small changes in  %% typesetting for old documents. Also, revtex4-1 does not interact  %% well with the lscape package which is needed for typesetting of  %% long rotated tables. If you want full compatibility, please  %% download the last version based on revtex4,  %% http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~alexey/emulateapj/emulateapj-rtx4.cls  %% and bundle it with your TeX source code. Starting with the  %% 8/17/2012 version, you can also use the [revtx4] option.   %%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  %% Copyright 2000-2011 Alexey Vikhlinin  %%  %% The first version of this package was written by Maxim Markevitch.   %% Pieces of AASTeX code are used for compatibility with aastex.cls.  %%  %% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of  %% the LaTeX Project Public License available from CTAN archives in  %% macros/latex/base/lppl.txt. This means you are free to use and  %% distribute this package; however, if you modify anything, please  %% change the file name and remove the author's email address.  %%  %% Alexey Vikhlinin   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  %%  %% `emulateapj' is a LaTeX2e class to emulate the Astrophysical Journal  %% (ApJ) page layout. The page length of the resulting document is very  %% close to that in ApJ when Times fonts are used instead of the LaTeX  %% default CM fonts.  %%   %% If a manuscript is prepared for ApJ submission using the standard  %% American Astronomical Society LaTeX macros and the `aastex' style  %% (see instructions for authors on the ApJ web site), the only thing  %% required from the user should be to replace \documentclass{aastex}  %% with \documentclass{emulateapj}, and perhaps resize figures as  %% desired and replace {deluxetable} with {deluxetable*}. Possible minor  %% problems are described below.  %%  %% emulateapj requires revtex4.cls. If you don't have it already, it can be  %% downloaded from http://publish.aps.org/revtex4/ (it's a small package).   %% Other extrnal packages used are latexsym, graphicx, amssymb, longtable,  %% epsf. They should already be present in the modern TeX distributions; if  %% not, download them from www.ctan.org.   %%  %%  %% For release notes and change log, see at bottom  %%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  \def\emulapj@ver{12/16/11}  \ProvidesClass{emulateapj}  \newif\if@revtex@four@one@  \@revtex@four@one@true  \DeclareOption{revtex4}{\@revtex@four@one@false}  \newif\if@two@col  \DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@two@coltrue}  \DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\@two@colfalse}  \newif\if@two@col@app  \DeclareOption{twocolappendix}{\@two@col@apptrue}  \DeclareOption{onecolappendix}{\@two@col@appfalse}  \newif\if@chicago  \DeclareOption{chicago}{\@chicagotrue}  \DeclareOption{iop}{\@chicagofalse}  \newlength{\bibbaselineskip}\setlength{\bibbaselineskip}{3.075mm}  \newif\if@apj@letter  \DeclareOption{apj}{  \setlength{\bibbaselineskip}{2.7mm}  \def\apjsecfont{\normalsize}  \def\secnum@size{\small}  \def\subsecnum@size{\normalsize}  \@apj@letterfalse  }  \DeclareOption{apjl}{  \setlength{\bibbaselineskip}{3.075mm}  \def\apjsecfont{\footnotesize}  \def\secnum@size{\small}  \def\subsecnum@size{\small}  \@apj@lettertrue  }  \DeclareOption{tighten}{  % lineskiplimits to facilitate grid typesetting  \lineskiplimit=-2mm  }  \def\AppendixApjSectionMarkInTitle#1{\relax}  \DeclareOption{numberedappendix}{  \def\AppendixApjSectionMarkInTitle#1{#1.\ }  }  \newif\if@number@appendix@floats\@number@appendix@floatsfalse  \DeclareOption{appendixfloats}{  \@number@appendix@floatstrue  }  \def\center@table@notes{%  \def\@spew@tblnotes{%  \centerline{\begin{minipage}{\pt@width}\spew@tblnotes\end{minipage}}%  }%  }  \def\left@just@table@notes{%  \def\@spew@tblnotes{\spew@tblnotes}%  }  \left@just@table@notes  \ExecuteOptions{apjl,twocolumn,chicago,onecolappendix}  \ProcessOptions  \if@revtex@four@one@  \IfFileExists{revtex4-1.cls}{  \def\@revtex@cls{revtex4-1}  }{  \@revtex@four@one@false  \def\@revtex@cls{revtex4}  }  \else  \def\@revtex@cls{revtex4}  \fi   \let\@startsection@from@latex=\@startsection  \if@two@col  \LoadClass[twocolumn,nofootinbib,showkeys,twoside,floatfix,unsortedaddress,flushbottom]{\@revtex@cls}  \else  \LoadClass[nofootinbib,showkeys,twoside,floatfix,unsortedaddress,flushbottom,notitlepage]{\@revtex@cls}  \fi  \def\blankaffiliation{~}%  \if@chicago  \def\@eapj@cap@font{\scshape}  \def\@eapj@figname{Fig.}  \def\@eapj@tabname{TABLE}  \else  \def\@eapj@cap@font{\bfseries}  \def\@eapj@figname{Figure}  \def\@eapj@tabname{Table}  \fi  % Restore natbib package without sorting.   \def\NAT@sort{0}  \def\NAT@cmprs{0}  % only redefine sort@cites for natbib versions < 2009  \@ifundefined{NAT@sort@cites@}{\def\NAT@sort@cites#1{\edef\NAT@cite@list{#1}}}%  \RequirePackage{latexsym}%   \RequirePackage{graphicx}%   \RequirePackage{amssymb}%   \RequirePackage{longtable}%   \newcommand{\bibstyle@aas}{\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{}{,}}%   \@citestyle{aas}%   \let\@startsection=\@startsection@from@latex  \def\baselinestretch{1.0}  \AtBeginDocument{\def\arraystretch{1.0}}  \if@revtex@four@one@  \def\raggedcolumn@sw#1#2{#2} % implement flushbottom as it was in revtex4  \fi  \RequirePackage{epsf,graphicx}  %%%%%%%% The following code is taken from size10.clo; it fixes  %%%%%%%% aastex's definition of type sizes  \renewcommand\normalsize{%  \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt{10.56}  \abovedisplayskip 2.2mm \@plus2\p@ \@minus1\p@  \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@  \belowdisplayshortskip 2.2mm \@plus2\p@ \@minus1\p@  \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip  \let\@listi\@listI}  \normalsize  \renewcommand\small{%  \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{9.68}%  \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@  \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@  \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@  \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini  \topsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@  \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@  \itemsep \parsep}%  \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip  }  \renewcommand\footnotesize{%  \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{8.36}%  \abovedisplayskip 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@  \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus\p@  \belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus2\p@  \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini  \topsep 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@  \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@  \itemsep \parsep}%  \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip  }  \renewcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt}  \renewcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt}  \renewcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{14}}  \renewcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{18}}  \renewcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{22}}  \renewcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}}  \renewcommand\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}}  \setlength\smallskipamount{3\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@}  \setlength\medskipamount{6\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}  \setlength\bigskipamount{12\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}  \setlength\headheight{12\p@}  \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini  \parsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@  \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@  \itemsep4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@}  \let\@listI\@listi  \@listi  \def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii  \labelwidth\leftmarginii  \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep  \topsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@  \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@  \itemsep \parsep}  \def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii  \labelwidth\leftmarginiii  \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep  \topsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@\@minus\p@  \parsep \z@  \partopsep \p@ \@plus\z@ \@minus\p@  \itemsep \topsep}  \def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv  \labelwidth\leftmarginiv  \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}  \def\@listv {\leftmargin\leftmarginv  \labelwidth\leftmarginv  \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}  \def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi  \labelwidth\leftmarginvi  \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}  % ****************************************************  % * TWO AND SINGLE ONE COLUMN STYLES: AV *  % ****************************************************  %  %%%%% include atbeginend.sty by AV:  % Copy \begin and \end to \BeginEnvironment and \EndEnvironment  \let\BeginEnvironment=\begin  \let\EndEnvironment=\end  %% \ifundefined from TeXbook  \def\IfUnDef#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax}  % Null command needed to eat its argument  \def\NullCom#1{}  \def\begin#1{%  % if defined \BeforeBeg for this environment, execute it  \IfUnDef{BeforeBeg#1}\else\csname BeforeBeg#1\endcsname\fi%  \IfUnDef{AfterBeg#1}% This is done to skip the command for environments  % which can take arguments, like multicols; YOU MUST NOT  % USE \AfterBegin{...}{...} for such environments!   \let\SaveBegEnd=\BeginEnvironment%  \else  % Start this environment  \BeginEnvironment{#1}%  % and execute code after \begin{environment}  \csname AfterBeg#1\endcsname  \let\SaveBegEnd=\NullCom  \fi  \SaveBegEnd{#1}  }  \def\end#1{%  % execute code before \end{environment}  \IfUnDef{BeforeEnd#1}\else\csname BeforeEnd#1\endcsname\fi%  % close this environment  \EndEnvironment{#1}  % and execute code after \begin{environment}  \IfUnDef{AfterEnd#1}\else\csname AfterEnd#1\endcsname\fi%  }  \long\def\BeforeBegin#1#2{\expandafter\gdef\csname BeforeBeg#1\endcsname {#2}}  \long\def\BeforeEnd #1#2{\expandafter\gdef\csname BeforeEnd#1\endcsname {#2}}  \long\def\AfterBegin #1#2{\expandafter\gdef\csname AfterBeg#1\endcsname {#2}}  \long\def\AfterEnd #1#2{\expandafter\gdef\csname AfterEnd#1\endcsname{#2}}  %%%% end of atbeginend.sty  % ****************************************  % * PAGE LAYOUT *  % ****************************************  % Page size, spacing parameters, etc.   \textwidth=7.1in  \columnsep=0.3125in  \parindent=0.125in  \voffset=-20mm  \hoffset=-7.5mm  \topmargin=0in  \headheight=.15in  \headsep=0.5in  \oddsidemargin=0in  \evensidemargin=0in  \parskip=0cm  %\tolerance=600 % 3x "normal" value; cuts down on overfull complaints  %% AV,MM, to have 64 lines per column, with textheight 25cm:  \textheight=64\baselineskip  \textheight=\baselinestretch\textheight  \ifdim\textheight>25.2cm\textheight=25.0cm\fi  \topskip\baselineskip  \maxdepth\baselineskip  \let\tighten=\relax  \let\tightenlines=\tighten  \let\singlespace=\relax  \let\doublespace=\relax  \def\eqsecnum{  \@newctr{equation}[section]  \def\theequation{\hbox{\normalsize\arabic{section}-\arabic{equation}}}}  %% running heads:  \def\lefthead#1{\gdef\@versohead{#1}} \lefthead{\relax}  \def\righthead#1{\gdef\@rectohead{#1}} \righthead{\relax}  \let\shorttitle=\lefthead % New AASTEX commands  \let\shortauthors\righthead % New AASTEX commands  \if@chicago  %% MM Create "apjheads" page style:  \def\ps@apjheads{\let\@mkboth\markboth  \def\@evenfoot{}  \def\@evenhead{\lower9mm\hbox to\textwidth{  \rm\thepage\hfil \rm\@rectohead \hfil}}}  \def\@oddfoot{}  \def\@oddhead{\lower9mm\hbox to\textwidth{  \hfil\rm\@versohead\hfil \rm\thepage}}  \else  \def\ps@apjheads{\let\@mkboth\markboth  \def\@evenfoot{}  \def\@evenhead{\lower9mm\hbox to\textwidth{  \rm\thepage\hfil \rm\textsc{\@rectohead} \hfil}}}  \def\@oddfoot{}  \def\@oddhead{\lower9mm\hbox to\textwidth{  \hfil\rm\textsc{\@versohead}\hfil \rm\thepage}}  \fi  \@twosidetrue  \ps@apjheads  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  % TITLE PAGE %  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  \long\def\frontmatter@title@above{  \vspace*{-\headsep}\vspace*{\headheight}  \footnotesize  {\footnotesize\textsc{\@journalinfo}}\par  {\scriptsize Preprint typeset using \LaTeX\ style emulateapj v.\  \emulapj@ver}\par\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\vspace*{0.625in}  }%  \def\frontmatter@title@produce{%  \begingroup  \frontmatter@title@above  \frontmatter@title@format  \@title  \@ifx{\@title@aux\@title@aux@cleared}{}{%  \expandafter\frontmatter@footnote\expandafter{\@title@aux}%  }%  \par  %% \class@warn{Unused short title ignored}%  \frontmatter@title@below  \endgroup  }%  \renewcommand\title[2][]{%  \def\@title{\uppercase{#2}}%  \def\@shorttitle{#1}%  \let\@AF@join\@title@join  }%  \def\frontmatter@title@format{\normalsize\centering}  \def\frontmatter@title@below{\vspace*{-2.63\baselineskip\vspace*{0.25in}}}%  \def\frontmatter@above@affilgroup{\vspace*{0.25in}}%  \def\frontmatter@authorformat{\small\scshape\centering}%  \def\frontmatter@affiliationfont{\normalfont\footnotesize}%  \def\frontmatter@finalspace{\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\vspace*{0.375in}}  \def\@separator{\\}%  \def\frontmatter@footnote#1{%  \begingroup  \@booleanfalse\temp@sw  \def\@tempa{#1}%  \let\@tempb\@empty  \def\@TBN@opr{\y@match\@tempa}%  \@FMN@list  \temp@sw{%  \expandafter\frontmatter@footnotemark  \expandafter{\@tempb}%  }{%  \def\@thefnmark{\relax}  \frontmatter@footnotetext{#1}  }%  \endgroup  }%  \newcounter{front@matter@foot@note}\setcounter{front@matter@foot@note}{0}  \def\frontmatter@above@affiliation{\vspace*{0.5mm}}%  \renewcommand\affiliation[1]{%  \move@AU\move@AF%  \begingroup%  \@affiliation{\hspace*{2mm}#1}%  }%  \let\affil=\affiliation  \def\affil@mark#1{\textsuperscript{#1}}  \def\affile@mark@pad{0.2em}  \def\altaffilmark#1{\affil@mark{#1}}  % Fight poor revtex algorithm for altaffiliation:  \def\@alt@affil@kill@next@symbol#1{\relax}  \newtoks\alt@affil@toks \alt@affil@toks{\@alt@affil@kill@next@symbol}  \newtoks\alt@affil@toks@count \alt@affil@toks@count{}  \def\altaffiltext#1#2{%  \global\alt@affil@toks\expandafter{\the\alt@affil@toks\\\hspace*{3mm}\affil@mark{#1}\hspace*{\affile@mark@pad}#2}%  \global\alt@affil@toks@count\expandafter{\the\alt@affil@toks@count\stepcounter{front@matter@foot@note}}%  }  \let\@author@finish@revtex=\@author@finish  \def\@author@finish{%  \if!\the\alt@affil@toks@count!%  \relax  \else  \altaffiliation{\the\alt@affil@toks}\the\alt@affil@toks@count  \fi  \@author@finish@revtex  }  %\def\altaffiltext#1#2{\altaffiliation{\hspace*{3mm}\textsuperscript{#1}\hspace*{0.7mm}#2}\stepcounter{front@matter@foot@note}}  %% end altaffiliation  \let\old@foot@note@mark=\footnotemark  \let\old@foot@note@text=\footnotetext  \def\footnotemark[#1]{\altaffilmark{#1}}  \def\footnotetext[#1]#2{\altaffiltext{#1}{#2}}  % ABSTRACT  \if@chicago  \def\frontmatter@abstractfont{\normalsize\parindent=0.125in}%  \else  \def\frontmatter@abstractfont{\normalsize\parindent=0.0in}%  \fi  \def\frontmatter@abstractwidth{6in}  \def\frontmatter@preabstractspace{0.0\baselineskip}  \def\frontmatter@postabstractspace{0.0\baselineskip}  \def\abstractname{ABSTRACT}  \long\def\frontmatter@abstractheading{%  \vspace*{-\baselineskip}\vspace*{1.5pt}  \centerline{\itshape\footnotesize\@submitted}  \vspace*{0.13189in}  \begingroup  \centering  \abstractname  \vskip 1mm  \par  \endgroup  \everypar{\rightskip=0.5in\leftskip=\rightskip}\par  }%  % Redefine the LaTeX \and command for this style.   \def\and{\author{\vspace*{-0.2in}and\vspace*{-0.558cm}}\noaffiliation}  \def\@listand{\@ifnum{\@tempcnta=\tw@}{\andname\space}{}}%  % ****************************************  % * KEYWORDS *  % ****************************************  \if@chicago  \def\@keys@name{\textit{Subject headings:}\/~\mbox{}}%  \else  \def\@keys@name{\textit{Keywords:}\/~\mbox{}}%  \fi  \newlength{\keys@width}  \def\frontmatter@keys@format{\vspace*{0.5mm}%  \settowidth{\keys@width}{\normalsize\@keys@name}%  \rightskip=0.5in\leftskip=\rightskip\parindent=0pt%  \hangindent=\keys@width\hangafter=1\normalsize}%  \def\@keywords@produce#1{%  \showKEYS@sw{%  \begingroup%  \frontmatter@keys@format%  \@keys@name#1\par  \endgroup  }{%  \@if@empty{#1}{}{%  \class@warn{If you want your keywords to appear in your output, use document class option showkeys}%  }%  }%  }%  \let\subjectheadings=\keywords  % ****************************************  % * FOOTNOTES *  % ****************************************  % Modify code from revtex:  \def\@xfootnotemark@ltx[#1]{%  \begingroup  % \csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname #1\relax  \unrestored@protected@xdef\@thefnmark{#1}%  \endgroup  \H@@footnotemark  }%  % Modify code from LaTeX to fix footnotes:  \def\@xfootnotenext[#1]{%  \begingroup  % \csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname #1\relax  \unrestored@protected@xdef\@thefnmark{#1}%  \endgroup  \@footnotetext}  % Footnotes on the last page: user issues \lastpagefootnotes. It catches all  % footnotes and issues them before \begin{refernces} or  % \begin{\thebibliography} or \begin{appendix}, whichever comes first,  % at the end of right column.   \newcounter{lastfootnote}  \let\orig@footnote=\footnote  %  \def\spit@out@footnotes@{\addtocounter{footnote}{-\c@lastfootnote}\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\vspace*{\skip\footins}\bgroup\footnotesize\lastfootnote\par\egroup\let\footnote=\orig@footnote}  %  \let\spit@out@footnotes\relax  %  \long\def\lastpagefootnotes{%  \raggedbottom% Have to use flushbottom with revtex4-1 but it eats away  % last page footnotes  \setcounter{lastfootnote}{0}  \long\gdef\lastfootnote{\mbox{}}  \let\spit@out@footnotes\spit@out@footnotes@  \long\def\footnote##1{\refstepcounter{lastfootnote}\footnotemark\g@addto@macro\lastfootnote{\\[\footnotesep]\refstepcounter{footnote}\mbox{}\hspace*{3mm}\textsuperscript{\thefootnote}~##1}}  % We need to mess with footnotes in appendiz only if it is in a  % different mode (twocol vs onecol) than the main text  \def\mess@with@appendix@footnotes{  \BeforeBegin{appendix}{\spit@out@footnotes\let\spit@out@footnotes\relax}  \BeforeEnd{appendix}{\spit@out@footnotes\let\spit@out@footnotes\relax}  \AfterEnd{appendix}{\let\footnote=\orig@footnote}  }  \if@two@col  \if@two@col@app\else  \mess@with@appendix@footnotes  \fi  % \else % Something is broken for pathological case of 2col appendix in  % % a 1col paper, so comment this out  % \if@two@col@app  % \mess@with@appendix@footnotes  % \fi  \fi  \BeforeBegin{references}{\spit@out@footnotes\let\spit@out@footnotes\relax}  \BeforeBegin{thebibliography}{\spit@out@footnotes\let\spit@out@footnotes\relax}  % in case \lastpagefootnotes were given inside \begin{appendix}\end{appendix},  \AfterEnd{references}{\let\footnote=\orig@footnote}  \AfterEnd{thebibliography}{\let\footnote=\orig@footnote}  }  \let\lastpagefootnote=\lastpagefootnotes  \if@revtex@four@one@\else  % this command is copied from the original revtex, but adds space above  % footnote (if any) above the references.   \@namedef{balance@2}{%  \expandafter\balance@two\csname col@1\endcsname\@outputbox  % Avoid a bug by preventing a restore when leaving this group  \global\setbox\csname col@1\endcsname\box\csname col@1\endcsname  \@ifvoid\footbox{}{%  \global\setbox\footbox\vbox{%  \setbox\z@\box\@tempboxa  \let\recover@footins\relax  \balance@two\footbox\@tempboxa  \vskip\skip\footins  \hb@xt@\textwidth{\box\footbox\hfil\box\@tempboxa}%  }%  }%  }%  \fi  \skip\footins 4.5mm plus 1mm minus 1mm  \footnotesep 0pt  \let\footnoterule\relax  \def\@makefntext#1{\mbox{}\hspace*{3mm}\@makefnmark~#1}  \def\notetoeditor#1{}% % We do not need notes to editor in the preprint  \def\placetable#1{}% % We do not need notes to editor in the preprint  \def\placefigure#1{}% % We do not need notes to editor in the preprint  % ****************************************  % * SECTIONS *  % ****************************************  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}  \newif\if@firstsection \@firstsectiontrue  \def\section{%  \if@firstsection\@firstsectionfalse  \maketitle\setcounter{footnote}{\thefront@matter@foot@note}%  \let\footnotetext=\old@foot@note@text  \let\footnotemark=\old@foot@note@mark  \fi  \@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{9pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}{4pt}{\apjsecfont\center}}    \def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{9pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}{4pt}%  {\normalsize\itshape \center}}  \def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%  {2ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{1ex plus .2ex}{\small\itshape \center}}  \def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%  {1.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{-0.5\parindent}{\small\it}}  \def\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\z@}%  {1ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{-0.5\parindent}{\small\it}}  \def\thesection{\@arabic{\c@section}}  \def\thesubsection{\thesection.\@arabic{\c@subsection}}  \def\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic{\c@subsubsection}}  \def\theparagraph{\thesubsubsection.\@arabic{\c@paragraph}}  \def\p@section {}  \def\p@subsection {}  \def\p@subsubsection {}  \def\p@paragraph {}  \def\p@subparagraph {}  \def\sec@upcase#1{\uppercase{#1}}  \def\subsec@upcase#1{\relax{#1}}  %  % How the section number will appear in the section title - AV  \def\ApjSectionMarkInTitle#1{#1.\ }  \def\ApjSectionpenalty{0}  \def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8%  {\@tempskipa #5\relax   \ifdim \@tempskipa >\z@ \begingroup  #6\relax   \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \def \@svsec {}\else   \refstepcounter{#1} \edef \@svsec {\ApjSectionMarkInTitle   {\csname the#1\endcsname}}\fi  \@hangfrom {\hskip #3\relax   \ifnum #2=1{\secnum@size {\rm\@svsec~}}%  \else {\subsecnum@size {\rm\@svsec~}}\fi }%  {\interlinepenalty \@M   \ifnum #2=1\sec@upcase{#8}%  \else \subsec@upcase{#8}\fi\par}\endgroup   \csname #1mark\endcsname {#7}\addcontentsline{toc}{#1}%  {\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else \protect \numberline   {\csname the#1\endcsname }\fi #7}%  \else   \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \def \@svsec {}\else   \refstepcounter{#1} \edef \@svsec {\ApjSectionMarkInTitle   {\csname the#1\endcsname}}\fi  \def \@svsechd {#6\hskip #3%  \ifnum #2=1{\secnum@size{\rm\@svsec~}}\else{\subsecnum@size{\rm\@svsec~}}\fi%  \ifnum #2=1\sec@upcase{#8}\else\subsec@upcase{#8}\fi%  \ifnum #2=4\hskip 0.4ex{\rm ---}\fi%  \csname #1mark\endcsname {#7}\addcontentsline{toc}{#1}%  {\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else \protect \numberline {\csname  the#1\endcsname }\fi #7}}\fi \@xsect {#5} \penalty \ApjSectionpenalty  %-refstepcounter is now within a group. So \@currentlabel, which is normally  %-set by \refstepcounter is hidden within a group. Need to set it manually.   \protected@edef\@currentlabel{\csname p@#1\endcsname\csname the#1\endcsname}  }  \def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{\@tempskipa #3\relax  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@  \begingroup #4\@hangfrom{\hskip #1}{\interlinepenalty \@M  \sec@upcase{#5}\par}\endgroup  \else \def\@svsechd{#4\hskip #1\relax \sec@upcase{#5}}\fi  \@xsect{#3}  % MM:  \penalty \ApjSectionpenalty}  \def\acknowledgments{\vskip 5.8mm plus 1mm minus 1mm}  \let\acknowledgements=\acknowledgments % second spelling  % ****************************************  % * APPENDIX *  % ****************************************  \newcounter{remember@figure@num}  \newcounter{remember@table@num}  \renewenvironment{appendix}[0]{  \vspace*{0pt plus 20pt minus 5pt} % otherwise revtex4-1 sometimes eats  % away the last line before appendix  \if@two@col   \if@two@col@app\else  \onecolumngrid  \fi   % \else% Something is broken for pathological case of 2col appendix in  % % a 1col paper, so comment this out  % \if@two@col@app  % \set@column@hsize{2}\twocolumngrid  % \fi  \fi  \vskip 10pt plus 2pt minus 1pt  \noindent\mbox{}\hfill{\apjsecfont APPENDIX}\hfill\mbox{}\par  \nopagebreak\medskip\@nobreaktrue\def\ApjSectionpenalty{\@M}  \@firstsectionfalse  \setcounter{section}{0}  \setcounter{subsection}{0}  \setcounter{equation}{0}  \setcounter{remember@figure@num}{\c@figure}  \setcounter{remember@table@num}{\c@table}  % \def\fnum@figure{Figure \Alph{section}\thefigure:}  % \def\fnum@table{Table \Alph{section}\thetable:}  \def\thesection{\Alph{section}}  \def\theequation{\hbox{\Alph{section}\arabic{equation}}}  \if@number@appendix@floats  \setcounter{figure}{0}  \setcounter{table}{0}  \def\thefigure{\thesection\@arabic\c@figure}  \def\thetable{\thesection\@arabic\c@table}  \fi  %  % Do not use appendix numbers in the titles  \def\ApjSectionMarkInTitle{\AppendixApjSectionMarkInTitle}  \def\section{\setcounter{equation}{0}\if@number@appendix@floats\setcounter{figure}{0}\setcounter{table}{0}\fi\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}   {10pt}{5pt}{\centering\scshape\apjsecfont}}  %  %  }{%  \if@number@appendix@floats  \setcounter{figure}{\c@remember@figure@num}%  \setcounter{table}{\c@remember@table@num}%  \fi  }  % ****************************************  % * BIBLIOGRAPHY *  % ****************************************  \renewenvironment{references}[0]{  \onecolumngrid  \par  \vspace{10pt plus 3pt}  \noindent \makebox[\textwidth][c]{\small\scshape REFERENCES}  \par  \vspace*{4pt plus 3pt}  \set@column@hsize{2}\twocolumngrid  \parindent=0cm \parskip=0cm  \def\baselinestretch{1.0}  \footnotesize \baselineskip=\baselinestretch\bibbaselineskip plus 1pt  minus 1pt \interlinepenalty \@M  \hyphenpenalty=10000  \frenchspacing % AV - to get right spacing after ``et al.''   \def\refpar{\par\hangindent=1.2em\hangafter=1}}  {  \onecolumngrid  }  % redefine thebibliography  % redefine thebibliography  % remove numbers from the reference list  \def\@biblabel#1{\relax}  \newdimen\bibindent  \renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]{  \if@chicago \onecolumngrid \else \twocolumngrid \fi  \par  \raggedright  \vspace{10pt plus 3pt}  \if@chicago  \noindent \makebox[\textwidth][c]{\footnotesize REFERENCES}  \else  \centerline{\normalsize REFERENCES}  \fi  \par  \if@chicago  \vspace*{4pt plus 3pt}  \set@column@hsize{2}  \twocolumngrid  \fi  \list{}%  {  \parindent=0pt \parskip=0pt \parsep=0pt % AV  \bibindent=0pt %  \def\baselinestretch{1.0}  \footnotesize \baselineskip=\bibbaselineskip \interlinepenalty \@M % AV  \frenchspacing % AV - to get right spacing after ``et al.''   \hyphenpenalty=10000  \itemindent=-1.0em %  \itemsep=0pt %  \listparindent=0pt %  \settowidth\labelwidth{0pt} %  \labelsep=0pt %  \leftmargin=1.0em  \advance\leftmargin\labelsep  %%% \usecounter{enumiv}%  \let\p@enumiv\@empty  \renewcommand\theenumiv{\relax}}%  \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%  \sfcode`\.\@m}  {\def\@noitemerr  {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%  \endlist  \onecolumngrid  }  % %% AV:   \def\reference{\@ifnextchar\bgroup {\@reference}  {\@latexerr{Missing key on reference command}  {Each reference command should have a key corresponding to a markcite somewhere in the text}}}  \def\@reference#1{\refpar}  %% subtitle header and journal info:  \def\submitted#1{\gdef\@submitted{#1}}  \def\journalinfo#1{\gdef\@journalinfo{#1}}  \def\subtitle{  \vspace*{-12mm}  \noindent  {\scriptsize {\sc \@journalinfo} \\  Preprint typeset using \LaTeX\ style emulateapj v.\ \emulapj@ver}  }  \let\slugcomment\submitted % slugcomment == submitted  \submitted{Draft version \today}  \journalinfo{\@submitted}  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  % Equations %  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  % EQNARRAY with reduced spacing around tab characters - AV  \def\eqnarray{%  \stepcounter{equation}%  \def\@currentlabel{\p@equation\theequation}%  \global\@eqnswtrue  \setlength{\arraycolsep}{0.25\arraycolsep}  \m@th  \global\@eqcnt\z@  \tabskip\@centering  \let\\\@eqncr  $$\everycr{}\halign to\displaywidth\bgroup  \hskip\@centering$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@skip{##}$\@eqnsel  &\global\@eqcnt\@ne\hskip \tw@\arraycolsep \hfil${##}$\hfil  &\global\@eqcnt\tw@ \hskip \tw@\arraycolsep  $\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\tabskip\@centering  &\global\@eqcnt\thr@@ \hb@xt@\z@\bgroup\hss##\egroup  \tabskip\z@skip  \cr  }  % ****************************************  % * TABLES AND FIGURES *  % ****************************************  \def\@arstrut@hline@clnc{0.5\p@}% % Klootch: magic number  \setcounter{topnumber}{7}  \setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{0pt}  \setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{5pt}  \setlength{\textfloatsep}{-\baselinestretch\baselineskip}  \setlength{\dbltextfloatsep}{-\baselinestretch\baselineskip}  \if@apj@letter  \addtolength{\textfloatsep}{5mm plus 10mm minus 10mm}  \addtolength{\dbltextfloatsep}{5mm plus 10mm minus 10mm}  \else  \addtolength{\textfloatsep}{7mm plus 10mm minus 10mm}  \addtolength{\dbltextfloatsep}{7mm plus 10mm minus 10mm}  \fi  \renewcommand{\topfraction}{1.0}  \renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{1.0}  \renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.0}  \renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{0.85}  \renewcommand{\dblfloatpagefraction}{0.85}  \setcounter{topnumber}{9}  \setcounter{bottomnumber}{9}  \setcounter{totalnumber}{20}  \setcounter{dbltopnumber}{9}   % Copied from revtex4.cls; without it, captions are centered  \def\@xfloat@prep{%  \let\footnote\footnote@latex  \def\@mpfn{mpfootnote}%  \def\thempfn{\thempfootnote}%  \c@mpfootnote\z@  \let\@footnotetext\@mpfootnotetext  \let\H@@footnotetext\@mpfootnotetext  \let\@makefntext\@mpmakefntext  }%  \long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%  \noindent\begin{minipage}{0.9999\linewidth} %% \noindent is needed because  %% otherwise minipage + parindent does not fit into the line and spurious  %% vertical skip appear after caption  \if\csname ftype@\@captype\endcsname 2   \vskip 2ex\noindent \centering\@table@type@size{\@eapj@cap@font #1}\par  \if@chicago\@eapj@cap@font\fi #2\par\medskip  \else  \vspace*{\abovecaptionskip}\noindent\footnotesize #1 #2\par\vskip \belowcaptionskip  \fi  \end{minipage}\par  }  %%%%%%%%%%%% FIX \cutinhead  \def\@ptabularcr{\\}  \newcommand\cutinhead[1]{%   \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}%   \hline   \@ptabularcr   \noalign{\vskip -1.5ex}%   \multicolumn{\LT@cols}{c}{#1}%   \@ptabularcr   \noalign{\vskip .8ex}%   \hline   \@ptabularcr   \noalign{\vskip -2ex}%   }%   \newcommand\sidehead[1]{%   \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}%   % \hline   % \@ptabularcr   % \noalign{\vskip -1.5ex}%   \multicolumn{\LT@cols}{l}{#1}%   \@ptabularcr   \noalign{\vskip .8ex}%   % \hline   % \@ptabularcr   % \noalign{\vskip -2ex}%   }%   \newcommand\figcaption{\@testopt{\@xfigcaption}{}}%   %% suggested by Joern Wilms  \def\@figcaption#1{{\def\@captype{figure}\caption{\footnotesize #1}}}  \def\@xfigcaption[#1]#2{{\def\@captype{figure}\caption{\footnotesize #2}}}  \def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}  \def\fnum@figure{{\footnotesize{\@eapj@cap@font\if@chicago~~\fi\mbox{\@eapj@figname~\thefigure.}\if@chicago---\else~\fi}}}  \def\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}  %%% Table captions without making a floating table  \def\tabcaption{\@ifnextchar[{\@xtabcaption}{\@tabcaption}}  \def\@tabcaption#1{{\def\@captype{table}\caption{#1}}}  \def\@xtabcaption[#1]#2{{\def\@captype{table}\caption{#2}}}  \def\fnum@table{{\@eapj@cap@font \@eapj@tabname~\thetable}}  % \let\fnum@ptable=\fnum@table  % \def\fnum@ptablecont{{\centering{\scshape Table~\thetable}---{\itshape  % Continued}}}%   % \long\def\@make@caption@text#1#2{%   % {\small\centering#1{\scshape #2}\par\vskip1.4ex}  % }%   \long\def\@makecaption@plano@cont#1#2{%   {\small \centering#1\par}\vskip1.4ex\relax  }%   %% Commands from aastex.cls:  \newcommand\dataset{\@testopt\@dataset{[}}%  \def\@dataset[#1]#2{#2}%  \newcommand\facility{\@testopt\@facility{[}}%  \def\@facility[#1]#2{#2}%  \newcommand\object{\@testopt\@object{[}}%  \def\@object[#1]#2{#2}%  \newcommand\objectname{\@testopt\@objectname{[]}}%   \def\@objectname[#1]#2{#2}%   \newlength{\plot@width}  \def\eps@scaling{1.0}%   \newcommand\epsscale[1]{\def\eps@scaling{#1}}%   \newcommand\plotone[1]{%   \centering   \leavevmode   \setlength{\plot@width}{0.85\linewidth}  \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\plot@width}]{#1}%   }%   \newcommand\plottwo[2]{%   \centering   \leavevmode   \setlength{\plot@width}{0.425\linewidth}  \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\plot@width}]{#1}%   \hfil   \includegraphics[width={\eps@scaling\plot@width}]{#2}%   }%   \newcommand\plotfiddle[7]{%   \centering   \leavevmode   \vbox\@to#2{\rule{\z@}{#2}}%   \includegraphics[%   scale=#4,   angle=#3,   origin=c   ]{#1}%   }%   \newcommand\figurenum[1]{%   \def\thefigure{#1}%   \let\@currentlabel\thefigure   \addtocounter{figure}{\m@ne}%   }%   \newcommand\phn{\phantom{0}}%   \newcommand\phd{\phantom{.}}%   \newcommand\phs{\phantom{$-$}}%   \newcommand\phm[1]{\phantom{#1}}%   \let\la=\lesssim % For Springer A&A compliance...   \let\ga=\gtrsim   \newcommand\sq{\mbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}%   \newcommand\arcdeg{\mbox{$^\circ$}}%   \newcommand\arcmin{\mbox{$^\prime$}}%   \newcommand\arcsec{\mbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}%   \newcommand\fd{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm d}$}}%   \newcommand\fh{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm h}$}}%   \newcommand\fm{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm m}$}}%   \newcommand\fs{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\mathrm s}$}}%   \newcommand\fdg{\mbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}%   \newcommand\farcm@mss{\mbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}%   \let\farcm\farcm@mss   \newcommand\farcs@mss{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}%   \let\farcs\farcs@mss   \newcommand\fp{\mbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm p}$}}%   \newcommand\micron{\mbox{$\mu$m}}%   \def\farcm@apj{%   \mbox{.\kern -0.7ex\raisebox{.9ex}{\scriptsize$\prime$}}%   }%   \def\farcs@apj{%   \mbox{%   \kern 0.13ex.%   \kern -0.95ex\raisebox{.9ex}{\scriptsize$\prime\prime$}%   \kern -0.1ex%   }%   }%     \newcommand\ion[2]{#1$\;${%  \ifx\@currsize\normalsize\small \else  \ifx\@currsize\small\footnotesize \else  \ifx\@currsize\footnotesize\scriptsize \else  \ifx\@currsize\scriptsize\tiny \else  \ifx\@currsize\large\normalsize \else  \ifx\@currsize\Large\large  \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi  \rmfamily\@Roman{#2}}\relax}%   \renewcommand\case[2]{\mbox{$\frac{#1}{#2}$}}%   \renewcommand\slantfrac{\case}%   \newcommand\onehalf{\slantfrac{1}{2}}%   \newcommand\onethird{\slantfrac{1}{3}}%   \newcommand\twothirds{\slantfrac{2}{3}}%   \newcommand\onequarter{\slantfrac{1}{4}}%   \newcommand\threequarters{\slantfrac{3}{4}}%   \newcommand\ubvr{\mbox{$U\!BV\!R$}}%% UBVR system   \newcommand\ub{\mbox{$U\!-\!B$}}% % U-B   \newcommand\bv{\mbox{$B\!-\!V$}}% % B-V   \renewcommand\vr{\mbox{$V\!-\!R$}}% % V-R   \newcommand\ur{\mbox{$U\!-\!R$}}% % U-R   \newcommand\nodata{ ~$\cdots$~ }%   \newcommand\diameter{\ooalign{\hfil/\hfil\crcr\mathhexbox20D}}%   \newcommand\degr{\arcdeg}%   \newcommand\Sun{\sun}%   \newcommand\Sol{\sun}%   \newcommand\sun{\odot}%   \newcommand\Mercury{\astro{\char1}}% Mercury symbol, "1"   \newcommand\Venus{\astro{\char2}}% Venus symbol, "2"   \newcommand\Earth{\earth}%   \newcommand\Terra{\earth}%   \newcommand\earth{\oplus}%   \newcommand\Mars{\astro{\char4}}% Mars symbol, "4"   \newcommand\Jupiter{\astro{\char5}}% Jupiter symbol, "5"   \newcommand\Saturn{\astro{\char6}}% Saturn symbol, "6"   \newcommand\Uranus{\astro{\char7}}% Uranus symbol, "7"   \newcommand\Neptune{\astro{\char8}}% Neptune symbol, "8"   \newcommand\Pluto{\astro{\char9}}% Pluo symbol, "9"   \newcommand\Moon{\astro{\char10}}% Moon symbol, "M"   \newcommand\Luna{\Moon}%   \newcommand\Aries{\astro{\char11}}%   \newcommand\VEq{\Aries}% vernal equinox (Aries)   \newcommand\Taurus{\astro{\char12}}%   \newcommand\Gemini{\astro{\char13}}%   \newcommand\Cancer{\astro{\char14}}%   \newcommand\Leo{\astro{\char15}}%   \newcommand\Virgo{\astro{\char16}}%   \newcommand\Libra{\astro{\char17}}%   \newcommand\AEq{\Libra}% autumnal equinox (Libra)   \newcommand\Scorpius{\astro{\char18}}%   \newcommand\Sagittarius{\astro{\char19}}%   \newcommand\Capricornus{\astro{\char20}}%   \newcommand\Aquarius{\astro{\char21}}%   \newcommand\Pisces{\astro{\char22}}%   \newcommand\sbond{\chem@bnd{\@sbnd}}%  \newcommand\dbond{\chem@bnd{\@dbnd}}%  \newcommand\tbond{\chem@bnd{\@tbnd}}%  \def\chem@bnd#1{%  {%  \kern.1em\relax  \setbox\z@\hbox{M}%  \[email protected]\relax  \p@=.1em\relax  \[email protected]\ht\z@\dimen@i-\dimen@  \advance\[email protected]\p@\advance\[email protected]\p@  #1%  \kern.1em\relax  }%  }%  \def\@sbnd{%  \advance\[email protected]\p@\advance\[email protected]\p@  \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak  }%  \def\@dbnd{%  \advance\[email protected]\p@\advance\[email protected]\p@  \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak  \advance\[email protected]\p@\advance\[email protected]\p@  \hskip-\dimen@ii  \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak  }%  \def\@tbnd{%  \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak  \advance\[email protected]\p@\advance\[email protected]\p@  \hskip-\dimen@ii  \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak  \advance\[email protected]\p@\advance\[email protected]\p@  \hskip-\dimen@ii  \vrule\@height\dimen@\@depth\dimen@i\@width\dimen@ii\nobreak  }%  \newcommand\anchor[2]{#2}%   \renewcommand\url{\@dblarg\@url}%   \def\@url[#1]{\anchor{#1}}%   \let\jnl@style=\rmfamily   \def\ref@jnl#1{{\jnl@style#1}}%   \newcommand\aj{\ref@jnl{AJ}}% % Astronomical Journal   \newcommand\araa{\ref@jnl{ARA\&A}}% % Annual Review of Astron and Astrophys   \renewcommand\apj{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}% % Astrophysical Journal   \newcommand\apjl{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}% % Astrophysical Journal, Letters   \newcommand\apjs{\ref@jnl{ApJS}}% % Astrophysical Journal, Supplement   \renewcommand\ao{\ref@jnl{Appl.~Opt.}}% % Applied Optics   \newcommand\apss{\ref@jnl{Ap\&SS}}% % Astrophysics and Space Science   \newcommand\aap{\ref@jnl{A\&A}}% % Astronomy and Astrophysics   \newcommand\aapr{\ref@jnl{A\&A~Rev.}}% % Astronomy and Astrophysics Reviews   \newcommand\aaps{\ref@jnl{A\&AS}}% % Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement   \newcommand\azh{\ref@jnl{AZh}}% % Astronomicheskii Zhurnal   \newcommand\baas{\ref@jnl{BAAS}}% % Bulletin of the AAS   \newcommand\icarus{\ref@jnl{Icarus}}% % Icarus  \newcommand\jrasc{\ref@jnl{JRASC}}% % Journal of the RAS of Canada   \newcommand\memras{\ref@jnl{MmRAS}}% % Memoirs of the RAS   \newcommand\mnras{\ref@jnl{MNRAS}}% % Monthly Notices of the RAS   \renewcommand\pra{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~A}}% % Physical Review A: General Physics   \renewcommand\prb{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~B}}% % Physical Review B: Solid State   \renewcommand\prc{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~C}}% % Physical Review C   \renewcommand\prd{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~D}}% % Physical Review D   \renewcommand\pre{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~E}}% % Physical Review E   \renewcommand\prl{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~Lett.}}% % Physical Review Letters   \newcommand\pasp{\ref@jnl{PASP}}% % Publications of the ASP   \newcommand\pasj{\ref@jnl{PASJ}}% % Publications of the ASJ   \newcommand\qjras{\ref@jnl{QJRAS}}% % Quarterly Journal of the RAS   \newcommand\skytel{\ref@jnl{S\&T}}% % Sky and Telescope   \newcommand\solphys{\ref@jnl{Sol.~Phys.}}% % Solar Physics   \newcommand\sovast{\ref@jnl{Soviet~Ast.}}% % Soviet Astronomy   \newcommand\ssr{\ref@jnl{Space~Sci.~Rev.}}% % Space Science Reviews   \newcommand\zap{\ref@jnl{ZAp}}% % Zeitschrift fuer Astrophysik   \renewcommand\nat{\ref@jnl{Nature}}% % Nature   \newcommand\iaucirc{\ref@jnl{IAU~Circ.}}% % IAU Cirulars   \newcommand\aplett{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Lett.}}% % Astrophysics Letters   \newcommand\apspr{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Space~Phys.~Res.}}% % Astrophysics Space Physics Research   \newcommand\bain{\ref@jnl{Bull.~Astron.~Inst.~Netherlands}}% % Bulletin Astronomical Institute of the Netherlands   \newcommand\fcp{\ref@jnl{Fund.~Cosmic~Phys.}}% % Fundamental Cosmic Physics   \newcommand\gca{\ref@jnl{Geochim.~Cosmochim.~Acta}}% % Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta   \newcommand\grl{\ref@jnl{Geophys.~Res.~Lett.}}% % Geophysics Research Letters   \renewcommand\jcp{\ref@jnl{J.~Chem.~Phys.}}% % Journal of Chemical Physics   \newcommand\jgr{\ref@jnl{J.~Geophys.~Res.}}% % Journal of Geophysics Research   \newcommand\jqsrt{\ref@jnl{J.~Quant.~Spec.~Radiat.~Transf.}}% % Journal of Quantitiative Spectroscopy and Radiative Trasfer   \newcommand\memsai{\ref@jnl{Mem.~Soc.~Astron.~Italiana}}% % Mem. Societa Astronomica Italiana   \newcommand\nphysa{\ref@jnl{Nucl.~Phys.~A}}% % Nuclear Physics A   \newcommand\physrep{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rep.}}% % Physics Reports   \newcommand\physscr{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Scr}}% % Physica Scripta   \newcommand\planss{\ref@jnl{Planet.~Space~Sci.}}% % Planetary Space Science   \newcommand\procspie{\ref@jnl{Proc.~SPIE}}% % Proceedings of the SPIE   \let\astap=\aap   \let\apjlett=\apjl   \let\apjsupp=\apjs   \let\applopt=\ao   \renewcommand\nodata{ ~$\cdots$~ }%   \newcommand\ulap[1]{\vbox\@to\z@{{\vss#1}}}%   \newcommand\dlap[1]{\vbox\@to\z@{{#1\vss}}}%   % Implementation of deluxetables via the longtable package  \newcounter{table@save}  \def\save@label#1{  \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{%  \string\newlabel{#1}{{\@currentlabel}{\thepage}}}%  \fi%  }  \def\tablenum#1{%  \setcounter{table@save}{\the\c@table}  \gdef\use@tablenum{1}  \setcounter{table}{#1}\def\thetable{#1}\def\@currentlabel{#1}  \def\label##1{\save@label{##1}}  }%  \gdef\use@tablenum{0}  \def\restore@tablenum{\if\use@tablenum0\else\setcounter{table}{\the\c@table@save}\addtocounter{table}{\m@ne}\gdef\use@tablenum{0}\fi}  \def\tabletypesize#1{\def\table@hook{#1}\gdef\@table@type@size{#1}}  \tabletypesize{\footnotesize}  \let\tablefontsize=\tabletypesize % for compatibility with old documents  \gdef\@tablecaption{}  \def\tablecaption#1{\gdef\@tablecaption{\if@chicago \@eapj@cap@font \fi #1}}  \def\LT@endpbox{%  \@finalstrut\@arstrutbox  \egroup  \the\LT@p@ftn  \global\LT@p@ftn{}%  \hfil}  \def\LT@makecaption#1#2#3{%  \LT@mcol\LT@cols c{\hbox to\z@{\hss\parbox[t]\LTcapwidth{%  % \sbox\@tempboxa{#2.~~#3}%  % \ifdim\wd\@tempboxa>\hsize  \centering  #2~~#3%  % \else  % \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%  % \fi  \endgraf\vskip\baselineskip}%  \hss}}}  \let\LT@makecaption@rtx=\LT@makecaption % to fight redefinition in Revtex-4.1  \global\let\tablenotemark\relax  \global\def\tablenotemark#1{{\normalfont\textsuperscript{#1}}}  \global\let\tablenotetext\relax  \global\def\tablenotetext#1#2{\footnotetext[#1]{\@table@type@size#2}}  \newif\if@table@not@headed  \def\startdata{\if@table@not@headed\kill\caption{\\%  \@tablecaption}\endhead\hline\endfoot%  \fi%  }  \def\tablehead#1{  \@table@not@headedfalse%  \kill  \caption{\\%  \@tablecaption}%  \\  \hline  \hline\\[-1.7ex]  #1\hskip\tabcolsep\\[.7ex]  \hline\\[-1.5ex]  \endfirsthead  \caption[]{--- \emph{Continued}}\\  \hline  \hline\\[-1.7ex]  #1\hskip\tabcolsep\\[.7ex]  \hline\\[-1.5ex]  \endhead  \hline  \endfoot%  }  \newlength{\table@note@skip}  \setlength{\table@note@skip}{0.5ex}  \newlength{\deluxe@table@width}  \newlength{\@d@t@a}  \newcounter{deluxe@table@num}  \def\colhead#1{\multicolumn{1}{c}{#1}}  \def\tablewidth#1{%  \ifdim#1=\z@  \else  \gdef\@d@t@@flag{1}  \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{%  \gdef\expandafter\noexpand  \csname deluxe@table@width@\romannumeral\c@LT@tables\endcsname  {#1}}  \fi  \fi  }  \def\save@natural@width{%  \ifnum\@d@t@@flag=0  \setlength{\@d@t@a}{0pt}%  \let\@d@t@b=\LT@entry%  \def\LT@entry##1##2{\addtolength{\@d@t@a}{##2}%  }%  \expandafter\csname LT@\romannumeral\c@deluxe@table@num\endcsname  \setlength{\@d@t@a}{-\@d@t@a}  \tablewidth{\the\@d@t@a}  \def\LT@entry{\@d@t@b}  \fi  }  \def\lt@expand@linewidth@one{\setlength\LTleft{0pt}\setlength\LTright{0pt}}  \def\lt@expand@linewidth@two{@{\extracolsep{0pt plus 1filll}}}  \def\find@table@width{%  %%% set table width using aux file and command \tablewidth  \setcounter{deluxe@table@num}{\c@LT@tables}  \refstepcounter{deluxe@table@num}  \expandafter\ifx\csname deluxe@table@width@\romannumeral\c@deluxe@table@num\endcsname\relax  \def\@d@t@{0.999\linewidth}  \else  \edef\@d@t@{\expandafter\csname deluxe@table@width@\romannumeral\c@deluxe@table@num\endcsname}  \fi  \ifdim\@d@t@<\z@% then natural width is used  \setlength{\deluxe@table@width}{-\@d@t@}  \setlength{\LTcapwidth}{-\@d@t@}  \def\lt@expand@linewidth{\relax}  \def\lt@expand@linewidth@{}  \else% we will enclose table in the minipage of the given width and make  % longtable to span the full minipage width  \ifdim\@d@t@>\z@\else\def\@d@t@{0.999\linewidth}\fi  \setlength{\deluxe@table@width}{\@d@t@}  \setlength{\LTcapwidth}{\@d@t@}  \def\lt@expand@linewidth{\lt@expand@linewidth@one}  \def\lt@expand@linewidth@{\lt@expand@linewidth@two}  \fi  }  \newlength{\abovedeluxetableskip}  \newlength{\belowdeluxetableskip}  \setlength{\abovedeluxetableskip}{0pt}  \setlength{\belowdeluxetableskip}{0pt}  \setlength{\tabcolsep}{5pt}  \setlength\doublerulesep{1.5pt}  \newdimen\lastrowheight  \def\set@last@row@height{\setlength{\lastrowheight}{\ht\strutbox}\addtolength{\lastrowheight}{\dp\strutbox}\setlength{\lastrowheight}{-\arraystretch\lastrowheight}}  \let\tableline=\hline % Revtex said: Command \tableline is obsolete; Use \colrule instead..   \newtoks\DT@p@ftn   \global\def\tablenotetext@DT#1#2{  % \edef\@tempa{\the\DT@p@ftn\noexpand\footnotetext[#1]}  \edef\@tempa{\the\DT@p@ftn\noexpand\tablenotemark{#1}~}  \global\DT@p@ftn\expandafter{\@tempa{\@table@type@size#2}\par}}%  \newenvironment{deluxetable}[1]{  \lineskiplimit=\z@ % restore default setting  \def\tablenotetext{\tablenotetext@DT}  \gdef\tblnote@list{}  \gdef\tblref@list{}  \DT@p@ftn{}%  \set@last@row@height\edef\lastrowheight@{\the\lastrowheight}  \renewcommand\tablecomments[1]{\gdef\tblnote@list{\@tablecom{##1}}}%   \renewcommand\tablerefs[1]{\gdef\tblref@list{\@tableref{##1}}}%   \@table@not@headedtrue  \begin{table}  \vspace*{\abovedeluxetableskip}  \gdef\@d@t@@flag{0}  \def\nl{\\}  % \def\tabcolsep{5pt}  \let\caption=\LT@caption  \find@table@width  \centering  \begin{minipage}{\deluxe@table@width}  \lt@expand@linewidth  \begin{longtable}{\lt@expand@linewidth@#1}  }{  \restore@tablenum%  \end{longtable}%  \save@natural@width  \@spew@tblnotes\end{minipage}  \vspace*{\belowdeluxetableskip}  \end{table}  }  \newenvironment{deluxetable*}[1]{  \lineskiplimit=\z@ % restore default setting  \def\tablenotetext{\tablenotetext@DT}  \gdef\tblnote@list{}  \gdef\tblref@list{}  \DT@p@ftn{}%  \set@last@row@height\edef\lastrowheight@{\the\lastrowheight}  \renewcommand\tablecomments[1]{\gdef\tblnote@list{\@tablecom{##1}}}%   \renewcommand\tablerefs[1]{\gdef\tblref@list{\@tableref{##1}}}%   \@table@not@headedtrue  \begin{table*}  \vspace*{\abovedeluxetableskip}  \gdef\@d@t@@flag{0}  \def\nl{\\}  % \def\tabcolsep{5pt}  \let\caption=\LT@caption  \centering  \find@table@width  \begin{minipage}{\deluxe@table@width}  \lt@expand@linewidth  \begin{longtable*}{\lt@expand@linewidth@#1}  }{\gdef\pt@width{\LTcapwidth}%  \restore@tablenum%  \end{longtable*}%  \save@natural@width  \@spew@tblnotes%  \end{minipage}%  \vspace*{\belowdeluxetableskip}  \end{table*}}  \def\enddata{\\[\lastrowheight@]\vspace*{1.5mm}}  \def\LongTables{  \renewcommand\tablecomments[1]{\gdef\tblnote@list{\@tablecom{##1}}}%   \renewcommand\tablerefs[1]{\gdef\tblref@list{\@tableref{##1}}}%   \renewenvironment{deluxetable}[1]{  \def\tablenotetext{\tablenotetext@DT}  \global\DT@p@ftn{}%  \def\nl{\\}  % \def\tabcolsep{5pt}  \let\caption=\LT@caption  \begin{longtable}{##1}  \set@last@row@height\global\edef\lastrowheight@{\the\lastrowheight}  \@table@not@headedtrue  }{\gdef\pt@width{\LTcapwidth}\restore@tablenum  \end{longtable}%  \vspace*{-1.5ex}  \begin{minipage}{0.99\linewidth}  \@spew@tblnotes%  \end{minipage}  }  \renewenvironment{deluxetable*}[1]{  \def\tablenotetext{\tablenotetext@DT}  \global\DT@p@ftn{}%  %\@table@not@headedtrue % -- wrong per exchange with Giovanni Fossati  \def\nl{\\}  % \def\tabcolsep{5pt}  \let\caption=\LT@caption  \begin{longtable*}{##1}  \set@last@row@height\global\edef\lastrowheight@{\the\lastrowheight}  \@table@not@headedtrue  }{\gdef\pt@width{\LTcapwidth}%  \restore@tablenum%  \end{longtable*}%  \vspace*{-1.5ex}  \begin{minipage}{0.99\linewidth}  \@spew@tblnotes%  \end{minipage}  }  }  \def\tableheadfrac#1{}  \newcount\pt@column   \newcount\pt@ncol   \newcommand\tablecolumns[1]{%   \pt@column=#1\relax   \pt@ncol=#1\relax   \global\let\pt@addcol\@empty   }%   \def\cutinhead@ppt#1{%   \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}%   \hline   \@ptabularcr   \noalign{\vskip -2ex}% Style Note: in apj, it is -1.5ex   \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{c}{#1}%   \\  \noalign{\vskip .8ex}%   \hline   \\  \noalign{\vskip -2ex}%   }%   % \newcommand\sidehead[1]{%   % \noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}%   % \multicolumn{\pt@ncol}{@{\hskip\z@}l}{#1}%   % \\  % \noalign{\vskip .5ex}%   % }%   %\def\startdata{\relax}  \gdef\tblnote@list{}  \gdef\tblref@list{}  \newcommand\tablecomments[1]{\@tablecom{#1}}%   \newcommand\tablerefs[1]{\@tableref{#1}}%   \def\@tablecom#1{%   \vspace*{\table@note@skip}  \par   {\parbox{\linewidth}{\hskip1em\rmfamily {\@eapj@cap@font Note}. --- #1}\par}%   }%   \def\@tableref#1{%   \vspace*{\table@note@skip}  \par   {\parbox{\linewidth}{\hskip1em\rmfamily {\@eapj@cap@font References}. --- #1}\par}%   }%   \def\spew@tblnotes{%   \@ifx@empty\tblref@list{}{%   \@tablenotes{\tblref@list}%  \vspace*{\table@note@skip}%  \global\let\tblref@list\@empty   }%   \@ifx@empty\tblnote@list{}{%   \@tablenotes{\tblnote@list}%   \vspace*{\table@note@skip}%  \global\let\tblnote@list\@empty  }  \the\DT@p@ftn%  }%   \def\@tablenotes#1{%   \par   % \footnoterule%   {\@table@type@size#1}%   }%   \endinput  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  %% Release notes (02/09/03):  %%   %% 1) This is a complete rewrite of emulateapj. The package is now  %% based on revtex instead of aastex + multicol.  %%  %% 2) The {deluxetable} environment is re-implemented (the problem with the  %% the aastex's deluxetable is it does not float). There is also a new  %% environment {deluxetable*} (absent in aastex) to set a floating table  %% two-column wide. Known problems:  %% (a) \rotate doesn't work (too difficult to implement). However,  %% you can use revtex's turnpage environment  %% - load package lscape (\usepackage{lscape} in the header)  %% - move table at the end of the paper after references  %% - \clearpage before the table  %% - \LongTables if the table will span more than 1 page (see next item)  %% - put the table inside the landscape environment and \clearpage  %% at the end:   %% \clearpage  %% \LongTables % optionally  %% \begin{landscape}  %% \begin{deluxetable}  %% ....   %% \end{deluxetable}  %% \clearpage  %% \end{landscape}  %%  %% 3) Multi-page tables cannot be set properly inside the main text; you  %% need to move the table to the end of the paper (after the references) and  %% issue the command \LongTables before it.   %%   %% 4) By default, deluxetables are typeset with \footnotesize. If you want  %% to use a different size, use, e.g., \tabletypesize{\normalsize} _outside_  %% the deluxetable environment. If you need to increase interline spacing  %% in the tables, use \def\arraystretch{1.XXX} also _outside_ deluxetables.   %%   %% 5) Option `onecolumn' (as in \documentclass[onecolumn]{emulateapj})  %% sets the whole paper (except the reference section) in one column  %% as done by the ApJ for papers with long equations.   %%   %% 6) Options `apj' and `apjl' (\documentclass[apj]{emulateapj}) change the  %% spacing of the references (the default is ApJL wide spacing), and  %% also the spacing between figures and text (last check with printed  %% Journal in 4/2005).   %%  %% 7) By default, appendix subsections are not numbered:  %% APPENDIX  %% Derivation of Equations  %% If you want them numbered (`A. Derivation of Equations'), use the option  %% \documentclass[numberedappendix]{emulateapj}  %%   %% It is recommended to use the {appendix} environment instead of the  %% \appendix command. Equation (and optionally also table and figure)  %% counters are reset within the {appendix} to something like A1,A2,B1  %% etc. The counters are restored at \end{appendix} because sometimes we  %% want to place figures and tables belonging to the main matter at the  %% end of the paper.  %%   %% 8) By default, the comment in the upper-left corner of the title page and  %% under the abstract will say "Draft version \today". There are additional  %% commands \journalinfo{} and \submitted{} (the latter is equivalent to the  %% aastex \slugcomment{} which also works) to change those comments. Used  %% alone, \submitted{} will act on both those places.   %%   %% 9) The \title command sets the entire title, including math, in upper  %% case. If this is undesirable, use \lowercase{} macro, e.g.,   %% \title{UPPER CASE OK HERE \lowercase{$a+b=c$}}.   %%  %% 10) On the last page where the references or appendix start, there  %% may be problems with placement of footnotes. There is a command  %% \lastpagefoot notes which can be issued somewhere before those  %% footnotes. It will result in the remaining footnotes set together at  %% the end of the text, properly adjusted.   %%   %% 11) There may be problems with single-column figure placements on the  %% last page; try moving the figure around or explicitly specifying the [t]  %% placement. There may also be minor column misalignments on  %% complicated pages with footnotes, sections, etc.; these are too difficult  %% to fix.   %%  %% 12) Any footnotes in the paper title should be set as  %% \title{Title\footnotemark[1]} \footnotetext[1]{text} (with foootnotetext  %% outside the title), rather that simply a \footnote{}.   %%  %% NOTE that if you use the footnote in the title, the footnote counter for  %% the main text will be wrong. You need to reset it manually _after_ the  %% first \section. For example, if the frontmatter footnotes (title +  %% affiliations) stop at 3, you need \setcounter{footnote}{3}  %%  %% 13) \label's within the deluxetable environments should go INSIDE the  %% \tablecaption{...} command or after \tablehead  %%  %% 14) ... if, however, you use \tablenum [not recommended], \label should  %% go IMMEDIATELY AFTER the \tablenum command  %%  %% 15) Marc Audard reports that if the bibliography is exactly finishing the  %% page, and the next page should be a table, latex is not working. If an  %% empty character (\mbox{~}) is added after (or before) the bibliography,  %% i.e., starting a new page, the problem disappears.   %%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  %% Change Log  %%   %% 2/14/3: fixed several bugs in deluxetable and footnotes inside the title.   %%  %% 3/3/3: Table caption is made in two lines. works only in {table} or  %% {table*}, but not in {deluxetable}  %%  %% 3/3/3: Redefine p@subsection etc. for ApJ-style cross-references.   %%  %% 3/16/3: Define \tablerefs  %%  %% 3/25/3: Fix two-column references in the onecolumn mode (see   %% \set@column@hsize{2})  %%  %% 4/9/3: Change the definition of \tablenotemark. It is less general but  %% works in the table caption. Also, put the body of deluxetable*  %% inside a minipage to fix table footnotes.   %%  %% 5/14/3: Change section title font sizes. They are now different for 'apj'  %% and 'apjl' options  %%  %% 7/8/3: redefine NAT@sort@cites after loding revtex4 to prevent citations  %% from being sorted  %%  %% 7/15/3: Fix \and in the author list  %%  %% 7/17/3: Make \colhead to center column titles by default  %%   %% 7/27/3: Redefile \@biblabel to remove the numbered list from thebibliography  %%  %% 9/08/3: Further fixes to cutinhead: define @ptabularcr and use LT@cols  %%  %% 10/08/3: Copy definitions for \anchor and \url from aastex.   %%  %% 10/10/3: define \paragraph, \subparagraph. suppress section numbering  %% below \subsection. If you want subsubsections numbered, use   %% \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}  %% in the header  %%  %% 11/13/3: add 'unsortedaddress' option to revtex4 to prevent groupin the  %% authors by the institute  %%  %% 11/26/3: define \def\blankaffiliation{~} after revtex4 to prevent \and's  %% from combining  %%  %% 2/10/4: implement \tablewidth; works as documented in aastex;  %% change format for caption of deluxetables from Table 1. Title to  %% Table 1.   %% Title  %% Make table notes of the same width as the table.   %% Fix tabletypesize for table notes  %%  %% 2/12/4: fix \tablewidth: \tablewidth{0pt} gives natural size (as does no  %% \tablewidth at all)  %% Remove dot after "Table 1."   %% Also change format to Table 1--- Continued  %%  %% 2/19/4: implement \tablenum within deluxetable; abstract paragraphs  %% indented;   %%  %% 3/19/4: if no \tablehead is given, \startdata still prints out the caption  %%  %% 4/2/4: remove a spurious space from the definition of \tablehead  %%  %% 4/12/4: Due to popular demand, define \tablecomments and \tablerefs for  %% ordinary {table}s.   %%  %% 6/6/4: Proper implementation of \sidehead in the deluxetable  %%  %% 6/21/4: Fix issues with table heading which were introduced when I tried  %% to implement deluxetable's _without_ any heading.   %%  %% 6/22/4: correct implementation of \tablenotetext in the \LongTable mode  %% (they previously generated plain footnotes at the end of the table)  %%  %% 9/21/4: fix bug fix figure and table numbers in the appendicies  %%  %% 10/8/4: add \object \facility \dataset from aastex  %%  %% 11/26/4: Change floats-to-text distance to 5mm in ApJLetter style and  %% 7mm in ApJ style (verified with Journal version in Dec 2004)  %%   %% 4/21/5: change \renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{0.85}; add  %% \renewcommand{\dblfloatpagefraction}{0.85}  %% \setcounter{topnumber}{9}  %% \setcounter{bottomnumber}{9}  %% \setcounter{totalnumber}{20}  %% \setcounter{dbltopnumber}{9}   %%  %% 11/27/5: Add parameters to fine-tune spacing to deluxetables:  %% \abovedeluxetableskip % = 0 by default  %% \belowdeluxetableskip % = 0   %%  %% Use these to fiddle with the spacing, e.g.   %% \setlength{\abovetableskipamount}{-1\baselineskip}  %%  %% 12/14/5: no more explicit setting of tabcolsep inside deluxetables (so  %% the user has control over this parameter)  %%  %% 05/04/6: redefine \tableline as \hrule; otherwise it weirdly interact  %% with my implementation of deluxetable  %%  %% 08/13/6: Collect altaffiltext into token and issue \altaffiliation  %% only once. This overcomes the problem with 2**n processing   %% time for long affiliation lists.   %%  %% 08/29/6: fix a problem with alignment of last row in deluxetables  %%  %% 09/06/6: Change code of tablenotetext in all deluxetables (otherwise  %% the change introduced on 6/22/4 sometimes causes the notes to  %% disappear)  %%  %% 09/19/6: Correct propagation of the [apj] and [apjl] for subsection  %% formatting   %%  %% 09/19/6: Appendix no longer changes the numbering for figure and  %% unless the [appendixfloats] option is selected  %%  %% 09/22/6 Fix a bug with last row in deluxetables after \LongTables  %%  %% 10/04/6 redefine tablenotetext again because hyperref incompatibly  %% changes the definition of \footnotetext  %%  %% 10/04/6 Fix spacing before thebilbiography and refereneces  %% (\vspace*->\vspace)  %%  %% 12/01/6 Add \par to the definition of \tablenotetext (to make sure  %% each note is in a separate block)  %%  %% 02/7/07 By popular demand, \tablenotetext is reintroduced in the   %% regular {table} environments. BEWARE: the use of this   %% feature makes your documents non-portable as \tablenotetext  %% is not a part of standard LaTeX  %%  %% 03/7/07 Misc. fixes to \lastpagefootnotes  %%  %% 04/21/07 introduce \affil@mark to facilitate integration with the  %% MinionPro package; slightly change the spacing in the  %% altaffiltext mark  %%  %% 03/31/08 new option [tighten] to facilitate grid typesetting (by  %% setting negative lineskiplimit etc). Correspondingly increase  %% v-spacing at \enddata in the tables  %%   %% 04/15/08 improve table@note@skip (put it inside spew@tblnotes)  %%  %% 04/17/08 set baselinestretch to 1  %%  %% 04/20/08 Fix above and below display skips (too much of negative stretch  %% was possible)  %%  %% 12/19/08 Fix \ion to use relative sizes (not \small); thanks to Gabor  %% Worseck for pointing this out  %%  %% 12/19/08 Option for IOP formatting: \usepackage[iop,...]{emulateapj}  %%  %% 08/22/09 Fix NAT@sort coding for new release of bibtex  %%  %% 11/10/09 Switch to revtex4-1  %%  %% 11/10/09 Add stretchable space before appendix; otherwise, the last  %% line can be eaten away.  %%  %% 5/25/10 call revtex with notitlepage in the 1-col mode  %%  %% 8/13/10 put \par after \end{minipage} in makecaption to avoid  %% underfull boxes  %%  %% 5/3/11 new option: twocolappendix  %% comment out \table@not@headedtrue in deluxtable* after  %% \LongTables per exchange with Giovanni Fossati  %%  %% 12/16/11: copy \sbond, dbond, tbond commands from AASTeX  %  %% 08/17/12: option to force using revtex4  %%  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%           

\documentclass[iop,apj,twocolumn,twocolappendix,numberedappendix]{emulateapj}  \usepackage{apjfonts}  \usepackage{multirow}  \usepackage{textcomp}  \usepackage{amsmath}  \usepackage{microtype}  \usepackage{subfigure}  \usepackage{xcolor,ulem}  \usepackage[breaklinks=true]{hyperref}  \begin{document}  \title{Parameter estimation on gravitational waves from neutron-star binaries with spinning components}  \slugcomment{Submitted to ApJ}  \input{"authorlist.tex"}  \shorttitle{PE on GWs from BNSs with spinning components}  \shortauthors{Farr et al.}  \input{"abstract.tex"}  \input{"intro.tex"}  \input{"injected dist.tex"}  \input{"spinning followup.tex"}  \input{"results.tex"}  \begin{figure*}  \centering  \includegraphics[width=1.6\columnwidth]{figures/spinning-masses/quad_mass_grid}  \caption{\protect\input{"figures/spinning-masses/caption.tex"}}   \end{figure*}  \begin{figure}  \centering  \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{figures/Fig_mass_SNR/Fig_mass_SNR}  \caption{\protect\input{"figures/Fig_mass_SNR/caption.tex"}}   \end{figure}  \input{"spin estimates.tex"}  \begin{figure}  \centering  \includegraphics[width=0.95\columnwidth]{figures/spin_cred_regions/spin_cred_regions}  \caption{\protect\input{"figures/spin_cred_regions/caption.tex"}}   \end{figure}  \input{"prior constraints1.tex"}  \begin{figure}  \centering  \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{figures/Fig_mass_fractional/Fig_mass_fractional}  \caption{\protect\input{"figures/Fig_mass_fractional/caption.tex"}}   \end{figure}  \input{"component masses.tex"}  \begin{figure}  \centering  \includegraphics[width=1.0\columnwidth]{figures/compmasses/mass_boxes}  \caption{\protect\input{"figures/compmasses/caption.tex"}}   \end{figure}  \input{"prior constraints.tex"}  \begin{figure}  \centering  \includegraphics[width=0.95\columnwidth]{figures/mass-ratio/m2_cumulatives}  \caption{\protect\input{"figures/mass-ratio/caption.tex"}}   \end{figure}  \input{"sky.tex"}  \begin{figure}  \centering  \includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{figures/Fig_3_sky_areas/Fig_3_sky_areas}  \caption{\protect\input{"figures/Fig_3_sky_areas/caption.tex"}}   \end{figure}  \input{"run-by-run.tex"}  \input{"paper-sky-ratio-table.tex"}  \input{"subsection_Luminosity_distance_label_sec__.tex"}  \begin{figure*}  \centering  \includegraphics[width=1.7\columnwidth]{figures/Fig_spin_dist/Fig_spin_dist}  \caption{\protect\input{"figures/Fig_spin_dist/caption.tex"}}   \end{figure*}  \input{"conclusions.tex"}  \input{"summary.tex"}  \input{"acknowledgements_The_authors_are_grateful__.tex"}  \input{"spinni_appendix_section_Computational_cost__.tex"}  \begin{figure}  \centering  \includegraphics[width=0.95\columnwidth]{figures/Fig_final_time_hist1/Fig_final_time_hist}  \caption{\protect\input{"figures/Fig_final_time_hist1/caption.tex"}}   \end{figure}  \bibliographystyle{apj}  \bibliography{bibliography/biblio}   \end{document}           

\begin{deluxetable}{c cc cc}  \tabletypesize{\scriptsize}  \tablecaption{\label{tab:sky-ratio} Comparison of sky localization areas produced by the low-latency \textsc{bayestar} analysis and the high-latency fully spinning SpinTaylorT4 analysis to those produced by the medium-latency non-spinning TaylorF2 analysis. The mean and standard deviation of the log ratio for the $50\%$ credible region $\mathrm{CR}_{0.5}$, the $90\%$ credible region $\mathrm{CR}_{0.9}$ and the searched area $A_\ast$ are listed for each analysis.}  \tablehead{   \colhead{} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\textsc{bayestar}} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Spinning} \\  \colhead{Logarithmic} & \colhead{} & \colhead{Standard} & \colhead{} & \colhead{Standard} \\  \colhead{ratio} & \colhead{Mean} & \colhead{deviation} & \colhead{Mean} & \colhead{deviation}  }  \startdata  $\displaystyle \vphantom{\Big|} \mathcal{R}^X_{\mathrm{CR}_{0.5}}$ & $0.095$ & $0.117$ & $0.022$ & $0.062$ \\  $\displaystyle \vphantom{\Big|} \mathcal{R}^X_{\mathrm{CR}_{0.9}}$ & $0.075$ & $0.094$ & $0.022$ & $0.060$ \\  $\displaystyle \vphantom{\Big|} \mathcal{R}^X_{A_\ast}$ & $0.106$ & $0.447$ & $0.007$ & $0.350$  \enddata  \end{deluxetable}         

spinni\appendix \appendix  \section{Computational cost}\label{ap:CPU} 

             

Parameter estimation on gravitational waves from neutron star neutron-star  binaries with spinning components