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\subsection{Beamstrahlung}  \label{sec:beamstrahlung}  Beamstrahlung is an issue for $\epem$ rings~\cite{Yokoya,TelnovB}, as its effects may cause the beam lifetime to become unacceptably small. Indeed, the repeated losses of even a tiny fraction of the beam at each collision rapidly add up because of the high beam crossing rate. Solutions to mitigate this effect are described in Ref.~\cite{cite:1305.6498}. Simulations and analytical formula show that, with a momentum acceptance of 2.5\%, a ratio of vertical to horizontal emittances of 0.2\%, and a top-off rate of once per minute, the luminosity losses are smaller than 10\%. Beamstrahlung effects are, however, benign for the physics performance, because of the rather large TLEP beam size. For example, the beamstrahlung-induced beam energy spread is expected to be smaller than 0.1\%,i.e., much smaller than the irreducible spread of 2\% expected from initial state radiation,  as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:beamstrahlung} for $\sqrt{s}=240$ GeV.