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\subsection{Beamstrahlung}  Beamstrahlung is an issue for $\epem$ rings, as its effects may cause the beam lifetime to become unacceptably small. Indeed, the repeated losses of even a tiny fraction of the beam at each collision rapidly add up because of the high beam crossing rate. Solutions to mitigate this effect (such as momentum acceptance increase, flatter beams, smaller emittances, emittance ratio,  larger top-off injection frequency, beam charge compensation) are proposed in Ref.~\cite{cite:1305.6498}. Beamstrahlung effects are, however, benign for the physics performance, because of the rather large vertical beam size (from 100 to 300 nm). For example, the beamstrahlung-induced beam energy spread is expected to be smaller than 0.1\%, i.e., much smaller than the irreducible spread of 2\% expected from initial state radiation, as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:beamstrahlung} for $\sqrt{s}=240$ GeV.