Cato edited Statement.tex  over 10 years ago

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At first this seemed absurd: a colour-blind person calculates zero entropy increase when a box of green balls mixes with a box of red balls, but clearly he is wrong. We could use the mixing to do work (see section~\ref{sec:workout}): would the colour-blind person also be blind to winches lifting weights?  In \citet{1992mebm.book.....S}, Jaynes elaborates and his story (originally due to Gibbs) makes more sense. The problem is that when the gases go from being non-identical to identical, our definitions of ``reversible'' and ``original state'' change; i.e. we have double standards. In the non-identical case, we want to separate all molecules originally in $V_1$ and put them back into $V_1$, and the same for $V_2$; but in the same-gases case we are happy to just reinsert the diaphragm without reference to the particles' origins. But this is beside the point: remember that ``reversible'' applies to thermodynamic variables that we can measure, not to microscopic states. The entropy increase associated with the mixing process corresponds to the work required to recover the same {\it family} of microstates: in this case, the original separation of molecules into $V_1$ and $V_2$. The multiplicity $W$ is the size of the aforementioned ``family''; but this depends on what we're actually measuring about the macrostate.\\  Example\footnote{From Section 5 of Jayne's Jaynes'  paper in \citet{1992mebm.book.....S}.}: imagine there are two types of argon, but current technology cannot distinguish them, so mixing them gives $\Delta S=0$. Then a new solvent, ``whifnium'', is synthesised, and it is discovered that one type of argon is soluble in it, but not the other type. By putting this knowledge to use and constructing a setup involving whifnium, we can extract work from the mixing -- an observable consequence which produces entropy, i.e. $\Delta S>0$. So the work extractable depends on ``human'' information. Identical (even microscopically) physical processes can be assigned different entropy depending on what we're interested in. But more knowledge lets us extract more work. Conclusion: entropy not a physical property of microstate (as energy is), but an anthropomorphic quantity. {\bf To do:}