Hans Moritz Günther edited Discussion.tex  over 9 years ago

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\label{sect:discussion}  We show that stellar wind and disk wind can interact in a CTTS system. The magnetic and thermodynamic pressure of the disk wind can confine the stellar wind into a narrow, jet-like region, bound by an elongated shock surface. For reasonable parameters of $\dot M$, $v_\infty$, $\omega_0$ and $P(z)$ the shock surface encloses a region a few AU wide and tens of AU along the jet axis, but our model makes no statement about emission that originates further out in the jet such as Herbig-Haro knots. Only a fraction of the kinetic energy of the stellar wind is converted into heat in the recollimation shock and the remaining velocity can still be sufficient to heat the jet material again when it encounters another obstacle, such as the ISM.  Most of the imaging of YSO winds traces molecular lines and low-ionization stages, e.g. \ion{O}{1} or \ion{Fe}{2}. These lines are formed in low-temperature regions, but not in a hot post-shock plasma. Thus, one could expect to see a hole that is filled by hot post-shock plasma from the stellar wind. However, no such hole is resolved in any CTTS imaging. Our calculations show that the shock surface is so small that it cannot be resolved with current instrumentation\footnote{HST imaging and AO corrected, ground-based IR observations reach a resolution around 0\farcs1, which corresponds to 15~AU for DG Tau -- the \textbf{one of }the  closest YSO jet. jets.  However, saturation or coverage by a coronagraphic disk often mean that even structures slightly larger can be missed in images, if they are located very close to the central star.} and therefore cannot be seen directly as a cavity in the disk wind. A small fraction of the stellar wind is shocked to X-ray emitting temperatures $>1$~MK and provides a stationary X-ray source consistent with observations. We show that such a shock naturally arises in a scenario where the stellar wind feeds the innermost layer of the jet because it is confined by external pressure.  Furthermore, \citet{2013A&A...550L...1S} observed C\;{\sc iv} emission in DG Tau that is formed at cooler temperatures than those required for X-ray emission. In recent observations in the IR \citet{2014arXiv1404.0728W} also identified a stationary emission region on the jet axis about 40~AU from the central star. They interpret the X-rays, C\;{\sc iv}, and their own [ Fe\;{\sc ii}] data all as a signature of the same shocked jet, while \citet{2013A&A...550L...1S} point out that the C\;{\sc iv} luminosity is too large to be powered by just the cooling X-ray plasma. Looking at the post-shock temperature distribution in Fig.~\ref{fig:result}, our model can naturally explain multiple temperature components in the stellar wind.