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Hans Moritz Günther edited jet_obs.tex
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\subsection{Observational properties of jets from young stars}
Outflows from CTTS consist of several layers with different flow velocities, densities, temperatures, chemical compositions and different launching positions. Conceptually, these can be thought of as conical shells, stacked into each other like the layers
of an onion \citep{2000ApJ...537L..49B}. Observationally, it is not clear if there is a smooth transition between those layers or if they are separated by discontinuities.
The slowest velocities are observed in molecular lines with typical line shifts of only a few km~s$^{-1}$ \citep{2008ApJ...676..472B}. These molecular outflows have wide opening angles around 90$^{\circ}$ \citep[e.g.][]{2013A&A...557A.110S,2014A&A...564A..11A} and are presumably launched from the disk. Faster components are seen in H$\alpha$ or in optical forbidden emission lines such as [\ion{O}{1}] or [\ion{S}{2}]. \citet{2000ApJ...537L..49B} observed the jet from the CTTS \object{DG Tau} with seven long-slit exposures of \emph{HST}/STIS to resolve the kinematic structure of the jet both along and perpendicular to the jet axis. They find that the inner, most collimated jet component moves fastest and surrounding layers have progressively lower velocities away from the jet axis. The fastest velocities seen in optical emission lines are typically 200-300~km~s$^{-1}$ \citep{2004Ap&SS.292..651B,2008ApJ...689.1112C,2013A&A...550L...1S}.