Hans Moritz Günther edited Results.tex  almost 10 years ago

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\citet{2011AN....332..448G} published a grid of X-ray spectra\footnote{Available at http://hdl.handle.net/10904/10202} based on these models with pre-shock velocities between 300 and 1000~km~s$^{-1}$ in increments of 100~km~s$^{-1}$. We integrate all emission between 0.3 and 3~keV for each spectrum. At 300~km~s$^{-1}$ only 2\% of the available energy is emitted between 0.3 and 3~keV (Figure~\ref{fig:fracxray}), so we set the fraction to zero for pre-shock velocities of 0, 100 and 200~km~s$^{-1}$, which are not covered by the model grid. The fraction of energy emitted in X-rays is independent of the density except for a few density-sensitive emission lines with negligible contribution to the integrated flux. The physical size of the post-shock region depends strongly on the density, but total energy available only depends on the pre-shock velocity and the total mass flux. Thus, the X-ray luminosity $L_X$ does not change, if the post-shock region is compressed by some external pressure and the calculated values of $L_X$ are robust.  The highest post-shock temperatures are generally reached at the base of the jet when the stellar wind encounters the inner disk rim or at large $z$ when the shock front intersects the jet axis. In our fiducial model (Fig.~\ref{fig:result}, solid red line), the pre-shock velocity is $>250$~km~s$^{-1}$ at $z<5$~AU and $z>20$~AU. Given the large solid angle covered by the inner disk rim, the $z<5$~AU region contributes significantly to the total mass flux (compare the red line and the red filled histogram in Figure~\ref{fig:result}, rightmost panel). However, in most YSOs the central object is highly absorbed. Therefore, we calculate all $L_X$ values taking into account only regions with $z>5$~AU. For the fiducial, the high $v_\inf$, $v_\infty$,  the low $\dot M$, and the shallow $P$ model in Figure~\ref{fig:result} the predicted $L_X$ is $3\cdot10^{29}$, $5\cdot10^{30}$, $1\cdot10^{28}$, and $1\cdot10^{31}$~erg~s$^{-1}$, respectively. \citet{2009A&A...493..579G} already showed that in DG~Tau a small fraction, about $10^{-3}$, of the total mass loss rate in the outflow is enough to power the observed X-ray emission at the base of the jet. In our fiducial model, this small fraction corresponds to the mass flow close to the jet axis, where the pre-shock velocities are highest.  \subsection{The size of the post-shock zone}