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\section{Warm-up: DTMF Synthesis}  \subsubsection{DTMF \subsection{DTMF  Dial Function} \begin{lstlisting}[language=Matlab]  \begin{lstlisting}[language=Matlab]  function xx = dtmfdial(keyNames, fs)  dtmf.keys = ...  ['1', '2', '3', 'A';  '4', '5', '6', 'B';  '7', '8', '9', 'C';  '*', '0', '#', 'D'];  dtmf.colTones = ones(4,1) * [1209, 1336, 1477, 1633];  dtmf.rowTones = [697; 770; 852; 941] * ones(1,4);  xx = [];  % --- START THE FOR LOOP --- %  for ii = 1:length(keyNames)  switch keyNames(ii) % This is case sensitive  case 0  [jj, kk] = find('0' == dtmf.keys); % Fetches the row-column indices  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs); % First signal  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs); % Second Signal  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case 1  [jj, kk] = find('1' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case 2  [jj, kk] = find('2' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case 3  [jj, kk] = find('3' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case 4  [jj, kk] = find('4' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case 5  [jj, kk] = find('5' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case 6  [jj, kk] = find('6' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case 7  [jj, kk] = find('7' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case 8  [jj, kk] = find('8' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case 9  [jj, kk] = find('9' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case '*'  [jj, kk] = find('*' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case '#'  [jj, kk] = find('#' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case 'A'  [jj, kk] = find('A' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case 'B'  [jj, kk] = find('B' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case 'C'  [jj, kk] = find('C' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  case 'D'  [jj, kk] = find('D' == dtmf.keys);  dtmf.keys(jj, kk)  xx1 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.colTones(jj) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx2 = cos(2 * pi * dtmf.rowTones(kk) * (0:1599) / fs);  xx3 = cos(pi / 2 * (0:399) / fs); % Creates a delay of 0.05 secs  xx = [xx, xx1 + xx2]  xx = [xx, xx3]; % Concatenate the delay signal  otherwise  disp('You wrote something else')  end % close the switch statement  end % close the for loop  end % close the function loop  \end{lstlisting}  Wc = 0.2 * pi; % passing frequency  L = 51; % length of filter (inversely correlated with bandwidth)  n = 0:L-1;