Antonio Bibiano edited Literture Review.tex  over 9 years ago

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\section{Literature Review}  The wealth of high quality observations performed during the last two decades have thoroughly shown us how modern cosmology is capable of quantitatively reproduce the details of many observations, all indicating that the universe is undergoing an epoch of accelerated expansion \cite{Knop_2003,Riess_2004}.\\  Those observations include geometrical probes such as standard candles like SnIa \cite{Riess_1998}, \cite{Perlmutter_1999}[1,2,3,4 (2) ],  gamma ray bursts [ 5 (2) ], standard rulers like the CMB sound horizon and BAO [6, 7 (2) ]; and dynamical probes like the growth rate of cosmological perturbations probed by redshift space distortions [8 (2)] or weak lensing [9 (2)].\\ While those observations allowed cosmologist to rule out a flat matter dominated universe at serveral sigma they failed to give us any further theoretical insight into the source for this late cosmic acceleration, that’s why it’s dubbed “Dark Energy” and the simplest candidate explanation is the so-called cosmological constant $\Lambda$.\\  In the concordance model based on the assumptions of homogeneity, flatness and validity of general relativity, the cosmological constant is usually included in the right hand side of the Einstein field equations  \begin{equation}R_{\mu \nu} - {1 \over 2}g_{\mu \nu}\,R = {8 \pi G \over c^4} T_{\mu \nu} - g_{\mu \nu} \Lambda\end{equation} and $\Lambda$