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Nelson Fernández added Background.tex
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\section{Artic Lakes Characterization}
Limnology is related with formal study of lakes. In particular treats with the distinctive properties of individual lakes and the nature of their interactions with their surrounding environment (Catchment basin). Lakes has distinct zones of biological communities linked to the physical structure of the lake (Fig. 1). Classical zones studied are (i) Macrophyte or littoral zone, composed mainly by aquatic plants, which are rooted, floating or submerged. (ii) The planktonic zone corresponds to the open surface waters; away from the shore in which organisms passively floating and drifting on the lakes' currents (phyto and zooplankton). Planktonic organism are incapable of swimming against a current, however some of them are somewhat motiles. (iii) Benthic zone is the lowest level of a body of water related with the substratum, including the sediment surface and subsurface layers. (iv) Mixing zone where the interchange of water from planktonic and benthic zone can be mixed.
At different zones, one or more components or subsystems can be an assessment for the ecosystem dynamics. Our case of study considered three components: physiochemical, limiting nutrients and photosynthetic biomass for the planktonic and benthic zones. The physiochemical component refers to the chemical composition of water. It is affected by various conditions and processes such as geological nature, the water cycle, dispersion, dilution, solute and solids generation (e.g. photosynthesis), and sedimentation. Related to the physiochemical component, limiting nutrients which are basic for photosynthesis are associated with the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous. These cycles permit the adsorption of gases into the water or the dilution of some limiting nutrients. In addition, among limnetic biota, photoautotrophic biomass is the basis for the trophic web establishment. The term autotrophs is used for organisms that increase their mass hrough the accumulation of proteins which they manufacture, mainly from inorganic radicals (Stumm, 2004). This type of organisms can be found at the planktonic and benthic zones.
