Nelson Fernández edited introduction_1.tex  over 10 years ago

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To support the formal description of complexity, self-organization and emergence, information theory (Shannon, 19499) has been used in different ways as it can see in Prokopenko et al (2009). Formals aspects for homeostasis and autopoiesis can be found in Fernández et al., 2014.  Considering there are multiple ways to describe the state of an ecosystem. Taking into account that ecosystem,  the balance between change (chaos) and stability (order) states has been proposed as a characteristic of complexity (Langton,**; Kaufmann), Kaufmann). This way,  we can say that more chaotic systems produce more information (emergence), and more stable systems are more organized. Thus we propose, based on information theory, that complexity can be defined as the balance between emergence and self-organization (Gershenson & Fernández; Fernández et. al. 2015). This approach has been applied to some ecological systems (Fernández & Gershenson 2013; Fernández et al. 2013*eccs) with good results indicating that ecological dynamics can be described in terms of information. This papers expand the useful of the application of complexity measuring applying formal expresions of complexity, self-organization, emergence, homeostasis and autopoiesis to the physiochemical, nutrients and biomass subsystems to four types of lakes located in a latitudinal gradiente (arctic, highland template, lowland template to tropical), in focus to evaluate the usefulness and bennefits in ecological systems.