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\section*{Introduction}  Food industry plays a role in our modern society that goes beyond the production and distribution of food products. This industry is also responsible for controlling the quality and safety of its products, as well as to meet the demands from consumers. Among these demands, we can cite the demand for foods with quality\cite{Jokerst2012} from the production to home-shelf. In this context, there is a growing interest in the development of active and smart polymers that can be applied to the food industry. These polymers, such as carobhydrate polymers, can be used in the development of active films or in the microencapsulation of bioactive compounds, being part of an active package with antimicrobial or antioxidant properties\cite{25442712}, or part of a chemical sensor able to indicate food spoilage\cite{25159445, 24979322, Maciel_2014, Silva_Pereira_2015, Pereira_2015}. Currently many studies have been carried out with the aim of evaluate the antioxidant capacity and colorimetric properties of carobohydrate films, targeting their use as active packaging. Concerning antioxidant films, the incorporation of antioxidant natural extracts in films can improve the shelf life of food products and decreases its oxidation\cite{_imkovic_2014}. Therefore, new studies evaluating the effect of application of tocopherols~\cite{Marcos2014}, carotenoids, essential oils~\cite{Ramos2014}, phenolic compounds\cite{I_iguez_Franco_2012}, curcuminoids~\cite{Bittencourt2014}, vitamin C, flowers~\cite{Samsudin2014}, seaweeds~\cite{Cian2014}, leaves, roots~\cite{Tongnuanchan2013} and residues of food industry~ \cite{Ferreira2014}, in fish~\cite{BarbosaPereira2014}, meat~\cite{Contini2014}, beverages and cereals have been developed. On the side of Smart sensor films, such as colorimetric~\cite{Pacquit2006, Pacquit2007, Wu2013, Yoshida2014, PereiraJr2014a, Yoshida_2014, Pereira_2015,  Zhang2014}, radiofrequency~\cite{Length2010}, photochromic~\cite{Kreyenschmidt2010}, bacterial growth kinetic~\cite{Zhang2013}, intelligent inks~\cite{Mills2005}, oxygen indicators~\cite{Vu2013, Eaton2002} and nanotechnology sensor systems~\cite{Duncan2011} have been developed and successfully tested both in academy and in the industry. Concerning microencapsulation, it has been used for numerous applications in several industry segments and has been widely used in the food industry for protection and controlled release of bioactive compounds, enzymes, probiotics and micronutrients. This is a technology that presents potential application for food industry. Due to the current importance of smart biopolymers in food industry as films and microparticles, this chapter will discuss the challenge of development and use of smart polymers in food industry.