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\textit{Authorea fellow and Yale scientist Fabio Del Sordo went for the adventure of a lifetime. Chasing one of the most inaccessible solar eclipses of the century, he went to Svalbard, a group of remote arctic islands midway between continental Norway and the North Pole.}
\textbf{Fabio, when did you decide to go to Svalbard?}\\
I've been feeling this urge to visit the northernmost parts of Earth for a while now.
A PhD in Stockholm gave me the opportunity to explore the Norwegian coastline and Lapland,
but the Arctic was a different story. A sort of forbidden dream.
Then last year I started a postdoc at Yale, in the research group led by \href{http://users.math.yale.edu/users/wettlaufer/John_Wettlaufer/JSW.html}{John Wettlaufer}, who's an expert on sea ice and the Arctic. When I heard there was gonna be a total solar eclipse at Svalbard I knew I had to go.
Some months ago, fall 214, during a chat with a fellow astrophysicist, I realized 2015 would have been a quite busy year \textbf{Where is Svalbard, exactly?}\\
Svalbard is an archipelago situated about half way between continental Norway and the North Pole, and it is an outpost for
me, due to research and exploration on the arctic. In Longyearbyen, a
combination little city of
science projects, outreach with the \href{http://constellationproject.org}{GalileoMobile Constellation} about 2000 people, and
other travels. At that time I had recently started a postdoc at Yale, Svalbard capital, there is UNIS, University Center in
Svalbard: this is the
research group led by \href{http://users.math.yale.edu/users/wettlaufer/John_Wettlaufer/JSW.html}{John Wettlaufer}, an expert on sea ice world’s northernmost institution for higher education and
the Arctic. research.
Since many years \textbf{How hard was to plan your trip?}\\
I
felt the urge of visiting the northernmost area knew 2015 was gonna be a busy year for me, due to a combination of
science projects, outreach with the
Earth, \href{http://constellationproject.org}{GalileoMobile Constellation} and
I started fulfilling other trips.
But this
need during my PhD in Stockholm, with travels to Lapland and was the
north western Norvegian coastine. The Arctic, though, is trip of a
different story and, at that time, to me lifetime and I couldn't let it
was nothing else than go.
Within a
vague but intriguing place, oftentimes feeding few days after the idea sparked in my
imagination. head, I had booked flights from New York City to Svalbard. Then I started planning the journey to meet the Sun and the Moon in the same spot of the sky.
During this postdoc, I thought, I will have to visit Svalbard, connecting my travel to a research project. My research focuses, at the moment, on the search of exoplanets and \textbf{Tell us about the
characterization moments of
their magnetic fields.
However, the idea behind any research I start is pretty much always the
same: I study it because it fascinates me, and the Arctic is full of phenomena that I cannot see how they could not trigger eclipse}
After traveling such a
deep interest. The sea ice, constantly freezing long distance, and
melting, harbors amazing things like \href{http://epod.usra.edu/blog/2014/04/frost-flower-garden.html}{frost flowers}, as well as life in extreme conditions; waiting the
upper atmosphere hosts spectacles like Northern Lights.
Nevertheless, I am almost unable to organize a journey in absence of an initial spark deciding when this is going to happen. In this case, the fire was lit during the chat I was mentioned.
“I would like to travel to Svalbard sooner or later” - I said.
“For the Eclipse, you mean?”
“WOW, is there an eclipse at Svalbard? For real?”
I did probably read about this eclipse
many years ago, checking an old book of mine I have in my bookshelf for hours in
my parent’s house, a sunny - but
very cold - morning, I
had then hidden saw the
information too well to remember it. Also, some years ago, the possibility to attend an Eclipse in the Arctic was perhaps too remote to be worth being remembered. Not now, though.
Within a few days after that chat I had my flights booked, eclipse from
New York City to Svalbard. Then I started planning my journey, during which I would have hopefully met the
Sun and the Moon in the same spot snow-covered valley of
the sky.
Svalbard is Adventalen. This place became an
archipelago situated at about half way between continental Norway and almost extraterrestrial place during the
North Pole, two and
it is an outpost for research and exploration on the arctic. In Longyearbyen, a
little city half minutes of
about 2000 people, darkness, and
Svalbard capital, there is UNIS, University Center in Svalbard: this it left me \href{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7kVT2kjSDM&list=LLoQE5NCVFOow1KkR63RVs2g&index=1}{in total awe}. I think \href{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7kVT2kjSDM&list=LLoQE5NCVFOow1KkR63RVs2g&index=1}{this video} is the
world’s northernmost institution for higher education best way to show you what I saw and
research. what I felt that morning.
\textbf{What kind of science can be done during an Eclipse?}
There’s plenty of science to be investigated during an eclipse. One of the most relevant historical examples is the \href{http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1920RSPTA.220..291D}{measurement of the deflection of light by the Sun}, performed by Sir Arthur Eddington in 1919 during a total solar eclipse. Such experiment demonstrated that the sun was indeed deflecting the light, as predicted by Einstein's general theory of relativity.
But an eclipse at such high latitude gives an excellent opportunity to have measurement of the dayside aurora, which is a relatively common phenomenon at Svalbard.
Aurora, or northern light, is mostly known for its manifestation during the night at high latitudes, being a consequence of high-energy particles accelerated towards the terrestrial magnetic poles in the nigthside of the terrestrial magnetosphere. Nevertheless, some particles are injected by the interplanetary magnetic field also in the dayside Earth magnetospheres, so generating the dayside aurora. Still, the presence of sunlight makes difficult to observe such phenomenon.
Observation of dayside aurora have been carried out during the eclipse at \href{http://kho.unis.no}{KHO observatory}, a few kilometers away from Longyearbyen.
However, no northern light was visible with naked eye during the eclipse. The eclipse was, in fact, quite luminous and the sky did not get too dark. The reason is that the Sun was very low - 11 degrees - on the horizon, and the whole landscape was white, so bringing a lot of scattered and reflected light in the sky.
After traveling such a long distance, and waiting the eclipse for hours in a sunny - but very cold - morning, I saw the eclipse from the snow-covered valley of Adventalen. This place became an almost extraterrestrial place during the two and a half minutes of darkness, and it left me \href{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7kVT2kjSDM&list=LLoQE5NCVFOow1KkR63RVs2g&index=1}{in total awe}.
My journey \textbf{What's so special about an Arctic Eclipse?}
Well, for example an eclipse at such high latitude gives an excellent opportunity to have measurements of the dayside aurora, which is a relatively common phenomenon at Svalbard.
Aurora, or northern lights, is mostly known for its manifestation during the night at high latitudes, being a consequence of high-energy particles accelerated towards the terrestrial magnetic poles in the nightside of the terrestrial magnetosphere. Nevertheless, some particles are injected by the interplanetary magnetic field also in the dayside Earth magnetospheres, so generating the dayside aurora. Still, the presence of sunlight makes difficult to observe such phenomenon. Observation of dayside aurora have been carried out during the eclipse at \href{http://kho.unis.no}{KHO observatory}, a few kilometers away from Longyearbyen.
However, no northern light was visible with naked eye during the 2015 Svalbard eclipse. The eclipse was, in fact, quite luminous and the sky did not get too dark. The reason being that the Sun was very low - 11 degrees - on the horizon, and the white landscape was scattering large amounts of light. In general the Arctic is
still ongoing. full of exciting, fascinating phenomena. Did you know that amazing \href{http://epod.usra.edu/blog/2014/04/frost-flower-garden.html}{frost flowers} can appear due to the constant freezing and melting of sea ice? I am currently attending interesting seminars and field excursions on the characteristics of snowflakes and the remote sensing of the cryosphere. Arctic science, I feel, will soon provide us with some new insights on the exploration of extraterrestrial worlds.
\textbf{What kind of science do you do when you're not chasing eclipses and running from polar bears?}
At the moment my research focuses on exoplanets and the characterization of their magnetic fields. In the past I look into the generation of magnetic fields in stars and galaxies, as well as the physics of northern lights.