Fabio Del Sordo edited untitled.tex  about 9 years ago

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Some months, during a chat with a fellow astrophysicist, I realized 2015 would have been a quite busy year for me, due to a combination of science projects, outreach with the \href{http://constellationproject.org}{GalileoMobile Constellation} and other travels. At that time I had recently started a postdoc at Yale, in the research group led by \href{http://users.math.yale.edu/users/wettlaufer/John_Wettlaufer/JSW.html}{John Wettlaufer}, an expert on sea ice and the Arctic.   Since many years I felt the urge of visiting the northernmost area of the Earth, and I started fulfilling this need during my PhD in Stockholm, with travels to Lapland and the north western Norvegian coastine. The Arctic, though, is a different story and, at that time, was nothing else than a vague but intriguing place, oftentimes feeding my imagination.   During this postdoc, I thought, I will have to visit Svalbard, connecting my travel to a research project. The My research focuses, at the moment, on the search of exoplanets and the characterization of their magnetic fields.   However, the  idea behind any research I start is pretty much always the same: I study it because it fascinates me, and the Arctic is full of phenomena that I cannot see how they could not trigger a deep interest. The sea ice, constantly freezing and melting, harbors amazing things like \href{http://epod.usra.edu/blog/2014/04/frost-flower-garden.html}{frost flowers}, as well as life in extreme conditions; the upper atmosphere hosts spectacles like Northern Lights. Nevertheless, I am almost unable to organize a journey in absence of an initial spark deciding when this is going to happen. In this case, the fire was lit during the chat I was mentioned. “I would like to travel to Svalbard sooner or later” - I said. “For the Eclipse, you mean?” “WoW, is there an eclipse at Svalbard? For real?” 

There’s plenty of science to be investigated during an eclipse. One of the most relevant historical examples is the \href{http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1920RSPTA.220..291D}{measurement of the deflection of light by the Sun}, performed by Sir Arthur Eddington in 1919 during a total solar eclipse. Such experiment demonstrated that the sun was indeed deflecting the light, as predicted by Einstein's general theory of relativity.  But an eclipse at such high latitude gives an excellent opportunity to have measurement of the dayside aurora, which is a relatively common phenomenon at Svalbard.   Aurora, or northern light, is mostly known for its manifestation during the night at high latitudes, being a consequence of high-energy particles accelerated towards the terrestrial magnetic poles in the nigthside of the terrestrial magnetosphere. Nevertheless, some particles are injected by the interplanetary magnetic field also in the dayside Earth magnetospheres, so generating the dayside aurora. Still, the presence of sulight sunlight  makes difficult to observe such phenomenon. Observation of dayside aurora have been carried out during the eclipse at \href{http://kho.unis.no}{KHO observatory}, a few kilometers away from Longyearbyen.  However, no northern light was visible with naked eye during the eclipse. The eclipse was, in fact, quite luminous and the sky did not get too dark. The reason is that the Sun was very low - 11 degrees - on the horizon, and the whole landscape was white. I saw the eclipse from the snow-covered valley of Adventalen, which became an almost extraterrestrial place during the two and a half minutes of darkness, and left me in \href{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7kVT2kjSDM&list=LLoQE5NCVFOow1KkR63RVs2g&index=1}{in  total awe. awe}.  My journey is still ongoing. I am currently attending interesting seminars and field excursions on the characteristics of snowflakes and the remote sensing of the cryosphere.  Arctic science, I feel, will soon provide us with some new insights on the exploration of extraterrestrial worlds.