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\subsection*{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3 mutants show increased sleep}  Since the Gal4 coding sequence inserted into DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Founder} \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Founder}}  to produce the DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4} \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4}}  allele included a termination sequence (Fig. \ref{fig:3}a), DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4} is likely a null allele. As expected, we were unable to detect DmCa\textsubscript{v}3 expression in the fly head lysates DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4} \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4}}  flies in western blot analyses using polyclonal DmCa\textsubscript{v}3-specific antisera (Fig. \ref{fig:3}a). We did, however, detect strong DmCa\textsubscript{v}3 expression in fly lysates from w\textsuperscript{1118} \emph{w\textsuperscript{1118}}  controls and from a DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Rescue} \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Rescue}}  allele in which the fragment deleted in both the DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Founder} \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Founder}}  and DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4} \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4}}  alleles was re-inserted (Fig. \ref{fig:3}a and b). DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4} \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4}}  homozygote flies were viable and fertile with normal appearance and no movement defect. In mammals, two T-type channel subtypes of a1G and a1I involve in generation of neural oscillation in NREM sleep.  It is well established that flies have sleep-like state and share conserved mechanisms with mammals although it is still not clear whether flies have distinct sleep stages.  \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4}} flies show increased sleep that is particularly prominent in subjective daytime under continuous dark (DD) conditions (Fig. \ref{fig:3}c and d).  Increased sleep in DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Rescue} \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Rescue}}  flies, however, is restored to a level similar to that of w\textsuperscript{1118} \emph{w\textsuperscript{1118}}  control flies (Fig. \ref{fig:3}c and d). By measuring waking locomotor activity, we were able to confirm that the increased sleep of DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4} \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4}}  flies is not an artifact of a generalized reduction in movement. In fact, DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4} \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4}}  show slightly higher levels of waking activity than their respective controls (Fig. \ref{fig:3}e). Fly sleep consists of a number of sleep episodes.  We examined whether increased sleep amount is due to prolonged duration or increased number of episodes.  The number of sleep bout in \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4}} was decreased only in LD which was not restored in \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Rescue}} (Fig. \ref{fig:3}f).  On the other hand, a averaged sleep bout length was increased both in LD and DD which was restored in DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Rescue} (Fig. \ref{fig:3}g).  These results suggest DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4} \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4}}  mutant have significantly higher sleep need compared to control. We also generated independent deletion mutants by P-element based imprecise excision to exclude the possibility that ectopic expression of Gal4 in DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4} \emph{DmCa\textsubscript{v}3\textsuperscript{Gal4}}  might cause sleep phenotype. All the deletion mutants and their trans-hetero mutants showed increased sleep in DD (Fig. \ref{fig:S2}), supporting DmCa\textsubscript{v}3 channel regulates sleep state.